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Indo-European languages - Sound changes | | Indo-European languages - Sound changes: Encyclopedia II - Indo-European languages - Sound changes | | As the Indo-European languages broke up, the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) sound system diverged as well. The difference between the palatalized and plain velars (or perhaps velars and uvulars) seems to have been allophonic in PIE, but became phonemic in many of the daughter languages.
Note - this draught table needs to be completed, verified, and the allophones explained.
Notes:
C- is an initial consonant, -C a final consonant, -C- an intervocalic consonant, and 'C a consonant following PIE s ...
See also:Indo-European languages, Indo-European languages - Classification, Indo-European languages - Satem and Centum languages, Indo-European languages - Suggested superfamilies, Indo-European languages - History, Indo-European languages - Kurgan hypothesis, Indo-European languages - Competing hypotheses, Indo-European languages - Sound changes | | | Indo-European languages, Indo-European languages - Classification, Indo-European languages - Competing hypotheses, Indo-European languages - History, Indo-European languages - Kurgan hypothesis, Indo-European languages - Satem and Centum languages, Indo-European languages - Sound changes, Indo-European languages - Suggested superfamilies, Language family, Indo-European studies, Proto-Indo-European language, List of Indo-European roots, List of Indo-European languages, List of languages | | |
| | | Indo-European languages: Encyclopedia II - Indo-European languages - Sound changes
Indo-European languages - Sound changes
As the Indo-European languages broke up, the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) sound system diverged as well. The difference between the palatalized and plain velars (or perhaps velars and uvulars) seems to have been allophonic in PIE, but became phonemic in many of the daughter languages.
Note - this draught table needs to be completed, verified, and the allophones explained.
Notes:
- C- is an initial consonant, -C a final consonant, -C- an intervocalic consonant, and 'C a consonant following PIE stress (see Verner's Law).
- Ci indicates that this consonant is found when it had been followed by the front vowels /i/ or /e/ in PIE. Cu indicates that this consonant is found when it had been followed by the back vowels /u/ or /o/ in PIE, and Ca that it was followed by the low vowel /a/.
- "—" means that the sound had been lost (dropped) from the daughter language; v—v means the sound dropped from between vowels.
- "xP" means that sound x is found before a plosive (p t k).
- "Sx" means that sound x is found after /s/, "Vx" that it is found after a vowel.
- * After /i u r k/.
- ** PIE *dʱ becomes Latin /b/ after /u/ or /r/, or before /r/ or /l/.
Notes
- ptk means this vowel is found before a stop consonant.
- "o/_wa" means the vowel became /o/ when it was followed by /wa/.
- "-uː(C)" means the vowel became /uː/ when in the final syllable.
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 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Sound changes", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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