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Hydrogen economy - The short-term future | | Hydrogen economy - The short-term future: Encyclopedia II - Hydrogen economy - The short-term future | | The large market and sharply rising prices have also stimulated great interest in alternate, cheaper means of hydrogen production. One particular method that has gained considerable commercial interest and U.S. government funding is high-temperature thermochemical electrolysis of water (H2O). Some prototype nuclear reactors operate at 850 to 1000 degrees Celsius, considerably hotter than existing commercial plants. Thermochemical electrolysis of water at these temperatures converts more of the initial heat energy into chemical ene ...
See also:Hydrogen economy, Hydrogen economy - The short-term future, Hydrogen economy - Rationale, Hydrogen economy - Envisioned centralized hydrogen sources, Hydrogen economy - Production, Hydrogen economy - Fossil fuels, Hydrogen economy - Electrolysis, Hydrogen economy - Thermochemical production, Hydrogen economy - Other methods, Hydrogen economy - Storage, Hydrogen economy - Ammonia storage, Hydrogen economy - Metal hydrides, Hydrogen economy - Synthesized hydrocarbons, Hydrogen economy - Other methods, Hydrogen economy - Transportation, Hydrogen economy - Environmental concerns, Hydrogen economy - Consumption, Hydrogen economy - Chemical feed, Hydrogen economy - Energy source, Hydrogen economy - Problems, Hydrogen economy - Examples | | | Hydrogen economy, Hydrogen economy - Ammonia storage, Hydrogen economy - Chemical feed, Hydrogen economy - Consumption, Hydrogen economy - Electrolysis, Hydrogen economy - Energy source, Hydrogen economy - Environmental concerns, Hydrogen economy - Envisioned centralized hydrogen sources, Hydrogen economy - Examples, Hydrogen economy - Fossil fuels, Hydrogen economy - Metal hydrides, Hydrogen economy - Other methods, Hydrogen economy - Problems, Hydrogen economy - Production, Hydrogen economy - Rationale, Hydrogen economy - Storage, Hydrogen economy - Synthesized hydrocarbons, Hydrogen economy - The short-term future, Hydrogen economy - Thermochemical production, Hydrogen economy - Transportation, Future energy development, Hydrogen car, Amory Lovins, Rocky Mountain Institute, Sabatier process, Grid energy storage, Methanol economy | | |
| | | Hydrogen economy: Encyclopedia II - Hydrogen economy - The short-term future
Hydrogen economy - The short-term future
The large market and sharply rising prices have also stimulated great interest in alternate, cheaper means of hydrogen production. One particular method that has gained considerable commercial interest and U.S. government funding is high-temperature thermochemical electrolysis of water (H2O). Some prototype nuclear reactors operate at 850 to 1000 degrees Celsius, considerably hotter than existing commercial plants. Thermochemical electrolysis of water at these temperatures converts more of the initial heat energy into chemical energy (hydrogen), potentially doubling efficiency, to about 50%. Such electrolysis has been demonstrated in a laboratory, but not at a commercial scale.
The potential savings, just for the existing hydrogen market, could be substantial. General Atomics predicts that hydrogen produced in a High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor (HTGR) would cost $1.53/kg. In 2003, steam reforming of natural gas yielded hydrogen at $1.40/kg, making the new scheme unattractive. At 2005 gas prices, hydrogen cost $2.70/kg, so a savings of tens of billions of dollars per year is possible with the nuclear-powered supply. Much of this savings would translate into reduced oil and natural gas imports.
One side benefit of a nuclear reactor that produces both electricity and hydrogen is that it can shift production between the two. For instance, the plant might produce electricity during the day and hydrogen at night, matching its electrical generation profile to the daily variation in demand. If the hydrogen can be produced economically, this scheme would compete favorably with existing grid energy storage schemes. What is more, there is sufficient hydrogen demand in the United States that all daily peak generation could be handled by such plants.
Other related archives'Green', 19th century, 2005, Alcohol fuel, Ammonia, Amory Lovins, As of 2005, Atlantic, Batteries, CH4, CO, California, Canada, Coal, Direct methanol fuel cells, Electrolysis, Fuel cells, Future energy development, General Atomics, Germany, Grid energy storage, H2, H2O, Hydridic Earth theory, Hydrocarbons, Hydrogen, Hydrogen car, Iceland, Japan, Li-on, Li-polymer batteries, Methanol economy, Nanotechnology, North Slope, Norwegian, O, Rocky Mountain Institute, Sabatier process, Solid-oxide fuel cells, Some prototype nuclear reactors, Space Shuttle, US, United States, Utsira, aircraft, alternating current, alternator, ammonia, automobile, automobiles, barbecue, borane, boron, buckyballs, capacitors, carbon, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, coal gasification, compressed air, concentrated solar thermal power collectors, cryogenic, dam, degrees Celsius, density, diesel fuel, direct current, dynamo, efficiency, electric lighting, electric power transmission, electric vehicles, electrical distribution, electricity, electrolysis, embrittlement, energy density, energy density per weight, ethanethiol, ethanol, fishing fleet, fossil fuels, free radicals, fuel cell, fuel cells, gasoline, generators, gigawatts, global warming, greenhouse gas, grid energy storage, heat, high-temperature electrolysis, hydrides, hydrocarbon, hydrogen embrittlement, hydrogen reformer, hydropower, internal combustion engines, kg, liquefied natural gas, liquid hydrogen, lithium, lithium aluminium hydride, mass production, methane, methanethiol, methanol, nanotechnology, nanotubes, natural gas, nuclear-powered, oxygen, ozone depletion, photosynthesis, platinum, platinum group, power-to-weight ratio, pressure vessel, propane, pumped storage, renewable resource, reservoir, service life, sodium borohydride, space shuttle, steam reforming, sulfur, sulfur-iodine cycle, syngas, town gas, underground or undersea, uranium, water, water gas shift reaction, water splitting, weight, wind power, wind turbines
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "The short-term future", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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