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History of Sudan - Independence and the First Civil War | | History of Sudan - Independence and the First Civil War: Encyclopedia II - History of Sudan - Independence and the First Civil War | | In February 1953, the United Kingdom and Egypt concluded an agreement providing for Sudanese self-government and self-determination. The transitional period toward independence began with the inauguration of the first parliament in 1954. With the consent of the British and Egyptian Governments, Sudan achieved independence on 1 January 1956, under a provisional constitution. The United States was among the first foreign powers to recognize the new state. However, the Arab-led Khartoum government reneged on promises to southerners to create a ...
See also:History of Sudan, History of Sudan - Early history, History of Sudan - The coming of Islam, History of Sudan - 19th Century, History of Sudan - The Turkiyah, History of Sudan - Mahdism and condominium, History of Sudan - European Colonialism, History of Sudan - Independence and the First Civil War, History of Sudan - The Nimeiry Era, History of Sudan - Arms suppliers, History of Sudan - Second Civil War, History of Sudan - Darfur, History of Sudan - Chadian-Sudanese War | | | History of Sudan, History of Sudan - 19th Century, History of Sudan - Arms suppliers, History of Sudan - Chadian-Sudanese War, History of Sudan - Darfur, History of Sudan - Early history, History of Sudan - European Colonialism, History of Sudan - Independence and the First Civil War, History of Sudan - Mahdism and condominium, History of Sudan - Second Civil War, History of Sudan - The Nimeiry Era, History of Sudan - The Turkiyah, History of Sudan - The coming of Islam | | |
| | | History of Sudan: Encyclopedia II - History of Sudan - Independence and the First Civil War
History of Sudan - Independence and the First Civil War
Main article: History of Sudan (Independent Sudan), and
Main article: First Sudanese Civil War
In February 1953, the United Kingdom and Egypt concluded an agreement providing for Sudanese self-government and self-determination. The transitional period toward independence began with the inauguration of the first parliament in 1954. With the consent of the British and Egyptian Governments, Sudan achieved independence on 1 January 1956, under a provisional constitution. The United States was among the first foreign powers to recognize the new state. However, the Arab-led Khartoum government reneged on promises to southerners to create a federal system, which led to a mutiny by southern army officers that sparked 17 years of civil war (1955-1972). In the early period of the war, hundreds of northern bureaucrats, teachers, and other officials, serving in the south were massacred.
The National Unionist Party (NUP), under Prime Minister Ismail al-Azhari, dominated the first cabinet, which was soon replaced by a coalition of conservative political forces. In 1958, following a period of economic difficulties and political maneuvering that paralyzed public administration, Chief of Staff Lt. Gen. Ibrahim Abboud overthrew the parliamentary regime in a bloodless coup.
Gen. Abboud did not carry out his promises to return Sudan to civilian government, however, and popular resentment against army rule led to a wave of riots and strikes in late October 1964 that forced the military to relinquish power.
The Abboud regime was followed by a provisional government until parliamentary elections in April 1965 led to a coalition government of the Umma and National Unionist Parties under Prime Minister Muhammad Ahmad Mahjoub. Between 1966 and 1969, Sudan had a series of governments that proved unable either to agree on a permanent constitution or to cope with problems of factionalism, economic stagnation, and ethnic dissidence. The succession of early post-independence governments were dominated by Arab Muslims who viewed Sudan as a Muslim Arab state. Indeed, the Umma/NUP proposed 1968 constitution was arguably Sudan’s first Islamic-oriented constitution.
Other related archives1 January, 1000, 1500 BCE, 16th century, 1820, 1881, 1885, 1892, 1896, 1898, 1899, 1910, 1946, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970s, 1971, 1972, 1976, 1977, 1978, 19th century, 2003, 2004, 2005, 21, 2400, 25 May, 300 BCE, 300 CE, 640s, 970s, Addis Ababa Agreement, Adre, Alodia, Anglo-Egyptian rule, Ansars, Arab, Arabian Peninsula, Arabic, Arabized, Assyrians, Azande, Bahr el Ghazal, Battle of Omdurman, Battle of Umm Diwaykarat, Belgian, Belgian Congo, Blue Nile, Britain, CNN, Chad, Chadian-Sudanese War, Charles George Gordon, China, Christian, Coalition Govts., Coming of Islam, Congo, Darfur, Darfur conflict, December 23, Democratic Unionist Party, Dinka, Early Sudan, Early history of Sudan, Egypt, Egyptian, English, Equatoria, Ethiopia, Fashoda, Fashoda incident, First Cataract, First Civil War, First Sudanese Civil War, French, French West Africa, Funj, Gaafar Nimeiry, Governor-General, History of Ethiopia, History of Sudan (1821-1885), History of Sudan (1884-1898), History of Sudan (Anglo-Egyptian condominium, 1899-1955), History of Sudan (Coming of Islam to the Turkiyah), History of Sudan (Independent Sudan), History of Sudan (Nimeiri Era, 1969-1985), History of Sudan (Sadiq Al Mahdi and Coalition Governments), History of Sudan (Transitional Military Council), IMF, Ibrahim Abboud, Idriss Deby, Independent Sudan, Islam, Islamic law, Ismail al-Azhari, Jamal Mohammed Ibrahim, Janjaweed, Khartoum, King Léopold II, Kingdom of Sennar, Kordofan, Kushite, Lado Enclave, Libyans, Lord Kitchener, Mahdi, Makuria, Marxist, Mediterranean, Meroitic Empire, Meroë, Muhammad ibn Abdalla, Napata, Nile, Nimeiri Era, Nobatia, Nuba Hills, Nuba Peoples, Nubia, Nubian pyramids, Nuer, Old Dongola, Omar Hasan Ahmad al-Bashir, Ottoman, Rally for Democracy and Liberty, Red Sea, Sadiq al Mahdi, Second Civil War, Second Sudanese Civil War, Shilluk, Six-Day War, Soba, Soviet Union, Structural Adjustment Program, Sudan, Sudanese, Suud, Taharqa, Taqali, The Mahdiyah, The Turkiyah, Transitional Council, Turkiyah, Twenty-fifth Dynasty, Umma Party, United Kingdom, United States, West Germany, baqt, cash crops, condominium, coup, emeralds, ethnic cleansing, federal, feudally, gold, government of Chad, history, marxist, missiles, pharaohs, slave, slaves, state of war, tanks
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Independence and the First Civil War", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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