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History of Berlin - The divided city | | History of Berlin - The divided city: Encyclopedia II - History of Berlin - The divided city | | By the end of the Second World War, up to 33% of Berlin had been destroyed by concerted Allied air raids and street fighting. The so called "Stunde Null" marked a new beginning for the city. Greater Berlin was divided into four sectors by the Allies under the London Protocol of 1944, one each for:-
the United States, consisting of the Boroughs of Neukölln, Kreuzberg, Tempelhof, Schöneberg, Steglitz and Zehlendorf;(See : commandants of Berlin American Zone)
the United Kingdom, consisting of th ...
See also:History of Berlin, History of Berlin - Origin, History of Berlin - Slavic East Germany, History of Berlin - The Germans return, History of Berlin - Berlin and Cölln, History of Berlin - Mark Brandenburg, History of Berlin - Kingdom of Prussia, History of Berlin - German Empire, History of Berlin - Weimar Republic, History of Berlin - Third Reich, History of Berlin - Nazi plans for postwar Berlin, History of Berlin - The war comes to Berlin, History of Berlin - The divided city, History of Berlin - Blockade Airlift, History of Berlin - The June 17th Uprising, History of Berlin - Berlin Wall, History of Berlin - Student Movement, History of Berlin - Reunited, History of Berlin - Historical population | | | History of Berlin, History of Berlin - Berlin Wall, History of Berlin - Berlin and Cölln, History of Berlin - Blockade Airlift, History of Berlin - German Empire, History of Berlin - Historical population, History of Berlin - Kingdom of Prussia, History of Berlin - Mark Brandenburg, History of Berlin - Nazi plans for postwar Berlin, History of Berlin - Origin, History of Berlin - Reunited, History of Berlin - Slavic East Germany, History of Berlin - Student Movement, History of Berlin - The Germans return, History of Berlin - The June 17th Uprising, History of Berlin - The divided city, History of Berlin - The war comes to Berlin, History of Berlin - Third Reich, History of Berlin - Weimar Republic, Berlin, History of Germany, Welthauptstadt Germania | | |
| | | History of Berlin: Encyclopedia II - History of Berlin - The divided city
History of Berlin - The divided city
By the end of the Second World War, up to 33% of Berlin had been destroyed by concerted Allied air raids and street fighting. The so called "Stunde Null" marked a new beginning for the city. Greater Berlin was divided into four sectors by the Allies under the London Protocol of 1944, one each for:-
- the United States, consisting of the Boroughs of Neukölln, Kreuzberg, Tempelhof, Schöneberg, Steglitz and Zehlendorf;(See : commandants of Berlin American Zone)
- the United Kingdom, consisting of the Boroughs of Tiergarten, Charlottenburg, Wilmersdorf and Spandau; (See :commandants of Berlin British Zone)
- France, consisting of the Boroughs of Wedding and Reinickendorf; (See :commandants of Berlin French Zone)
- the Soviet Union, consisting of the Boroughs of Mitte, Prenzlauer Berg, Pankow, Weißensee, Friedrichshain, Lichtenberg, Treptow, and Köpenick; (See :commandants of Berlin Soviet Zone) .
The Soviet victors of the Battle of Berlin immediately occupied all of Berlin. They handed the American, British and French sectors (later known as West Berlin) to the American and British Forces in July 1945: the French occupied their sector a little later. The Soviets used the period from May 1945 to July 1945 to dismantle industry, transport and other facilities in West Berlin, including removing railway tracks, as reparations for German war damage in the Soviet Union. This practice also continued in East Berlin and the Soviet occupation zone after 1945.
Berlin's unique situation as a city half-controlled by Western forces in the middle of the Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany made it a natural focal point in the Cold War. Though the city was initially governed by a Four Power Allied Control Council with a leadership that rotated monthly, the Soviets withdrew from the council as East-West relations deteriorated and began governing their sector independently. The council continued to govern West Berlin, with the same rotating leadership policy, though now only involving France, Great Britain, and the United States.
East Germany chose Berlin (in practice, East Berlin) as its capital when the country was formed from the Soviet occupation zone in October 1949; however, this was rejected by the western allies, who continued to regard Berlin as an occupied city that was not legally part of any German state.
West Germany, formed on 23 May 1949 from the American, British, and French zones, had its seat of government and de facto capital in Bonn, although Berlin was symbolically named as the de jure West German capital in the West German Basic Law (Grundgesetz).
West Berlin de jure remained under the rule of the Western Allies, but for most practical purposes was treated as a part of West Germany.
Other related archives11 May, 1134, 1150, 11th century, 1200, 1237, 1244, 1251, 1261, 12th century, 1307, 13th century, 1400, 1417, 1443, 1447, 1451, 1510, 1540, 1576, 15th century, 16 June, 1600, 1618, 1640, 1647, 1648, 1671, 1674, 1685, 1688, 17 June, 1701, 1709, 1713, 1740, 1755, 1760, 1786, 1806, 1809, 1810, 1812, 1814, 1830, 1840, 1848, 1861, 1870s, 1871, 1884, 1888, 1896, 18th century, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1920s Berlin, 1922, 1924, 1929, 1932, 1933, 1936, 1939, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1948, 1949, 1953, 1961, 1968, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1999, 19th century, 20th century, 23 May, 26 June, 28 October, 3 October, 6th century, 720, 750, 825, 9 November, 948, 98, 983, Adolf Hitler, Airport, Albert Einstein, Albert Speer, Albert the Bear, Alexanderplatz, April 30, Arc de Triomphe, Arnold Zweig, Ascanians, August 13, Austria, Baltic Sea, Battle of Berlin, Bavaria, Berlin, Berlin Airlift, Berlin Blockade, Berlin Wall, Bertolt Brecht, Bohemia, Bonn, Brandenburg, Brandenburg Gate, Brandenburg#History, Brennabor, Bundestag, Calvinist, Central Europe, Chancellor, Charlottenburg, Cold War, Communism, Czechoslovakia, Cölln, December 25, East Berlin, East Germany, Edict of Potsdam, Elbe, Erich Honecker, Europe, February 27, Four Power Allied Control Council, France, Frederick William, Frederick the Great, French, Friedrich I, Friedrich I of Brandenburg, Friedrich Wilhelm I, Friedrich Wilhelm I of Brandenburg, Friedrich Wilhelm II, Friedrich Wilhelm IV, Friedrichshain, Friedrichstadt, Führerbunker, George Grosz, German Communist Party, German Empire, German student movement, Germania, Germanic tribes, Germany, Germany and Berlin were both reunited, Germany's difficult history, Grundgesetz, Günter Schabowski, Hanse, Hanseatic League, Havel, Havelberg, Havolane, Hermann Göring, Heveller, History of Berlin, History of Germany, Hohenzollern, Holy Roman Emperor, Huguenots, Humboldt University, Hungary, Ich bin ein Berliner, Immanuel Kant, Iron Curtain, January 30, Jews, Joachim II, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, John F. Kennedy, July, July 20, June, Karl Liebknecht, Kreuzberg, Kurfürst, Kurfürstendamm, Kurt Tucholsky, Köln, Köpenick, Latin, Leonard Bernstein, Lichtenberg, London Protocol, Lothar II, Lusatians, March 18, Margraves, May 2, Mikhail Gorbachev, Mitte, Moscow, Moses Mendelssohn, Napoleon Bonaparte, National Socialist, Nazi, Nazi Party, Nazis, Neukölln, Nikolaiviertel, Northern March, October 1, Ode to Joy, Oder, Olympiastadion, Oranienburg, Otto Braun, Otto I the Great, Otto von Bismarck, Palace, Pankow, Paris, Philipp Scheidemann, Pink Floyd, Poland, Potsdamer Platz, Prenzlauer Berg, Pribislav, Protestant Reformation, Prussia, Prussian, Reich Chancellery, Reichstag, Reichstag building, Reichstag fire, Reinickendorf, Roger Waters, Roman Empire, Rosa Luxemburg, Rosinenbomber, Rote Rathaus, Rotes Rathaus, Sachsenhausen, Salzburg, Saxon, Schöneberg, Second World War, Seven Years' War, Slavic, Slavic peoples, Slavic tribes, Slavs, Social Democrats, Sorbs, Soviet, Soviet Union, Soviet War Memorial, Spandau, Spandow, Spartacist revolt, Speer, Spree, Sprevjane, Sprewanen, St. Peter's Basilica, Stalin-Allee, Steglitz, Straße des 17. Juni, Stunde Null, Summer Olympic Games, Tacitus, Tempelhof, Tempelhof Airport, Tempelhof International Airport, Tempelhof airport, The Wall, Third Reich, Thirty Years' War, Tiergarten, Treaty of Versailles, Treptow, Treptower Park, U-Bahn, U-Bahnhof Mohrenstraße, United Kingdom, United States, United States Congress, Unter den Linden, Uprising of 1953 in East Germany, Walter Gropius, Walther Rathenau, Wedding, Weimar Republic, Welthauptstadt Germania, Wends, West Berlin, West Germany, Wilhelm I, Wilhelm II, Wilmersdorf, Wolfgang Kapp, World War I, World War II, Zehlendorf, bishoprics, borough, boulevard, bubonic plague, capital, city wall, colony, commandants of Berlin American Zone, commandants of Berlin British Zone, commandants of Berlin French Zone, commandants of Berlin Soviet Zone, communist, concentration camps, de facto, de jure, decorum, demonstrations, dioceses, economic, espionage, general strike, industrial, inhabitants, margraves, monarch, monasteries, most were murdered, pagan, political, priests, putsch, republic, satellite, seat of government, secularization, socialist, strike, suicide, the Enlightenment
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "The divided city", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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