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History of anti-Semitism - The 13th century | | History of anti-Semitism - The 13th century: Encyclopedia II - History of anti-Semitism - The 13th century | | 13th century Germany. Appearance of Judensau: obscene and dehumanizing imagery of Jews, ranging from etchings to Cathedral ceilings. Its popularity lasted for over 600 years.
1215 The Fourth Lateran Council headed by Pope Innocent III declares: "Jews and Saracens of both sexes in every Christian province and at all times shall be marked off in the eyes of the public from other peoples through the character of their dress." (Canon 68). See Judenhut. The Fourth Lateran Council also noted that the Jews' own law required the wearin ...
See also:History of anti-Semitism, History of anti-Semitism - Ancient animosity towards Jews, History of anti-Semitism - The 4th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 5th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 6th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 7th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 8th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 9th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 10th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 11th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 12th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 13th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 14th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 15th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 16th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 17th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 18th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 19th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 20th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 21st century, History of anti-Semitism - Books | | | History of anti-Semitism, History of anti-Semitism - Ancient animosity towards Jews, History of anti-Semitism - Books, History of anti-Semitism - The 10th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 11th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 12th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 13th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 14th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 15th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 16th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 17th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 18th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 19th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 20th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 21st century, History of anti-Semitism - The 4th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 5th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 6th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 7th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 8th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 9th century, Anti-Semitism, Modern anti-Semitism, List of blood libels against Jews, Christianity and anti-Semitism, Christian Opposition to Anti-Semitism, Islam and anti-Semitism, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union, History of the Jews in Poland, Timeline of Jewish history, History of ancient Israel and Judah, History of Israel, History of Palestine, Anti-Zionism, Arab-Israeli conflict, Righteous Among the Nations | | |
| | | History of anti-Semitism: Encyclopedia II - History of anti-Semitism - The 13th century
History of anti-Semitism - The 13th century
13th century Germany. Appearance of Judensau: obscene and dehumanizing imagery of Jews, ranging from etchings to Cathedral ceilings. Its popularity lasted for over 600 years.
1215 The Fourth Lateran Council headed by Pope Innocent III declares: "Jews and Saracens of both sexes in every Christian province and at all times shall be marked off in the eyes of the public from other peoples through the character of their dress." (Canon 68). See Judenhut. The Fourth Lateran Council also noted that the Jews' own law required the wearing of identifying symbols. Pope Innocent III also reiterated papal injunctions against forcible conversions, and added: "No Christian shall do the Jews any personal injury...or deprive them of their possessions...or disturb them during the celebration of their festivals...or extort money from them by threatening to exhume their dead."
1222 Council of Oxford: Archbishop of Canterbury Stephen Langton forbids Jews from building new synagogues, owning slaves or mixing with Christians.
1235 Blood libel at Fulda, Germany. Pope Gregory IX issued a bull denouncing mob violence against Jews. And in (1247) Pope Innocent IV repudiated the legend of the ritual murder of Christian children by Jews. This denunciation of the Blood libel legend was repeated in 1272 by Pope Gregory X, who also ruled that thereafter any testimony of a Christian against a Jew could not be accepted unless it was confirmed by a Jew.
1236 Crusaders attack Jewish communities of Anjou and Poitou and attempt to baptize all the Jews. Those who resisted (est. 3,000) were slaughtered.
1240 Duke Jean le Roux expels Jews from Brittany.
1240 Disputation of Paris. Pope Gregory IX puts Talmud on trial on the charges that it contains blasphemy against Jesus and Mary and attacks on the Church. In 1242 24 cart-loads of hand-written manuscripts were burned in the streets of Paris.
1242 James I of Aragon orders Jews to listen to conversion sermons and attend churches. Friars are given power to enter synagogues uninvited.
1254 Louis IX of France expels the Jews from France, their property and synagogues confiscated. Most move to Germany and further east, however, after a couple of years, some were readmitted back.
1255 Self-proclaimed "master of the Jews" king Henry III of England sells his rights to the Jews to his brother for 5,000 marks.
c. 1260 Thomas Aquinas publishes Summa Contra Gentiles, a summary of Christian faith to be presented to those who reject it. The Jews who refuse to convert are regarded as "deliberately defiant" rather than "invincibly ignorant".
1263 Disputation of Barcelona.
1267 In a special session, the Vienna city council forces Jews to wear Pileum cornutum (a cone-shaped head dress, prevalent in many medieval illustrations of Jews). This distinctive dress is an addition to Yellow badge Jews were already forced to wear. Christians are not permitted to attend Jewish ceremonies.
1267 Synod of Breslau orders Jews to live in a segregated quarter.
1275 King Edward I of England passes anti-Jewish statute forcing Jews over the age of seven to wear an identifying Yellow badge, and making usury illegal (linked to blasphemy), in order to seize their assets. Scores of English Jews are arrested, 300 hanged and their property goes to the Crown. In 1280 he orders Jews to be present at Dominicans preaching conversion. In 1287 he arrests heads of Jewish families and demands their communities to pay ransom of 12,000 pounds.
1278 The Edict of Pope Nicholas III requires compulsory attendance of Jews at conversion sermons.
1279 Synod of Ofen: Christians are forbidden to sell or rent real estate to/from Jews.
1282 The Archbishop of Canterbury, John Pectin, orders all London synagogues to close and prohibits Jewish physicians from practicing on Christians.
1283 Philip III of France causes mass migration of Jews by forbidding them to live in the small rural localities.
1285 Blood libel in Munich, Germany results in the death of 68 Jews. 180 more Jews are burned alive at the synagogue.
1287 A mob in Oberwesel, Germany kills 40 Jewish men, women and children after a ritual murder accusation.
1289 Jews expelled from Gascony and Anjou.
1290 July 18. King Edward I of England expels all Jews from England, allowing to take only what they could carry, all the other property became the Crown's. Official reason: continued practice of usury.
1291 Philip the Fair publishes an ordinance prohibiting the Jews to settle in France.
1298 German knight Rindfleisch leads massacres of thousands of Jews in 146 localities.
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 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "The 13th century", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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