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History of Afghanistan - Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah 1929-1973 | | History of Afghanistan - Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah 1929-1973: Encyclopedia II - History of Afghanistan - Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah 1929-1973 | | Main article: Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah
Prince Mohammed Nadir Khan, a cousin of Amanullah's, in turn defeated Bacha-i-Saqao in October of the same year and, with considerable Pashtun tribal support, was declared King Nadir Shah. He began consolidating power and regenerating the country. He reversed the reforms of Amanullah Khan in favour of a more gradual approach to moder ...
See also:History of Afghanistan, History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan, History of Afghanistan - Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan before 651, History of Afghanistan - Islamic conquest of Afghanistan 642-1747, History of Afghanistan - The Durrani Empire 1747-1826, History of Afghanistan - European influence in Afghanistan 1826-1919, History of Afghanistan - Reforms of Amanullah Khan and civil war 1919-1929, History of Afghanistan - Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah 1929-1973, History of Afghanistan - Daoud's Republic of Afghanistan 1973-1978, History of Afghanistan - Soviet intervention in Afghanistan 1978-1992, History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan 1992 to present | | | History of Afghanistan, History of Afghanistan - Daoud's Republic of Afghanistan 1973-1978, History of Afghanistan - European influence in Afghanistan 1826-1919, History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan, History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan 1992 to present, History of Afghanistan - Islamic conquest of Afghanistan 642-1747, History of Afghanistan - Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan before 651, History of Afghanistan - Reforms of Amanullah Khan and civil war 1919-1929, History of Afghanistan - Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah 1929-1973, History of Afghanistan - Soviet intervention in Afghanistan 1978-1992, History of Afghanistan - The Durrani Empire 1747-1826, Timeline of Afghan history, History of present-day nations and states | | |
| | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Afghanistan - Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah 1929-1973
History of Afghanistan - Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah 1929-1973
Main article: Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah
Prince Mohammed Nadir Khan, a cousin of Amanullah's, in turn defeated Bacha-i-Saqao in October of the same year and, with considerable Pashtun tribal support, was declared King Nadir Shah. He began consolidating power and regenerating the country. He reversed the reforms of Amanullah Khan in favour of a more gradual approach to modernisation. In 1933, however, he was assassinated in a revenge killing by a Kabul student.
Mohammad Zahir Shah, Nadir Khan's 19-year-old son, succeeded to the throne and reigned from 1933 to 1973. Until 1946 Zahir Shah ruled with the assistance of his uncle Sardar Mohammad Hashim Khan, who held the post of Prime Minister and continued the policies of Nadir Shah. In 1946 another of Zahir Shah's uncles, Sardar Shah Mahmud Khan, became Prime Minister. He began an experiment allowing greater political freedom, but reversed the policy when it went further than he expected. In 1953 he was replaced as Prime Minister by Mohammed Daoud Khan, the king's cousin and brother-in-law. Daoud sought a closer relationship with the Soviet Union and a more hostile one towards Pakistan. However dispute with Pakistan led to an economic crisis and he was asked to resign in 1963. From 1963 until 1973 Zahir Shah took a more active role.
In 1964, King Zahir Shah promulgated a liberal constitution providing for a bicameral legislature to which the king appointed one-third of the deputies. The people elected another third, and the remainder were selected indirectly by provincial assemblies. Although Zahir's "experiment in democracy" produced few lasting reforms, it permitted the growth of unofficial extremist parties on both the left and the right. These included the communist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA), which had close ideological ties to the Soviet Union. In 1967, the PDPA split into two major rival factions: the Khalq (Masses) faction headed by Nur Muhammad Taraki and Hafizullah Amin and supported by elements within the military, and the Parcham (Banner) faction led by Babrak Karmal. The split reflected ethnic, class, and ideological divisions within Afghan society.
Other related archives1030, 1146, 1205, 1219, 1227, 1747, 1818, 1839, 1842, 1878, 1880, 1900, 1901, 1919, 1927, 1929, 1933, 1946, 1953, 1963, 1973, 1978, 1979, 1988, 1992, 1998, 19th century, 328 BC, 642, 998, Abdul Rashid Dostum, Abdur Rahman Khan, Achaemenid, Afghan Northern Alliance, Afghanistan, Afghans, Ahmad Shah, Ahmad Shah Durrani, Ahmed Shah Massoud, Al-Biruni, Al-Qaida, Alexander the Great, Amanullah, Amanullah Khan, American, Amir Abdur Rahman, April 18, Ataturk, August, August 19, Babrak Karmal, Babur, Bacha-i-Saqao, Bactria, Balkh, Bonn, British, British India, Burhanuddin Rabbani, CE, CIA, Central, Central Asia, Daoud's Republic of Afghanistan, Dari, December 25, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, Dost Mohammed Khan, Durrani, Durrani Empire, Europe, European influence in Afghanistan, Ferdowsi, Geneva accords, Genghis Khan, German, Ghaznavid Empire, Ghazni, Ghilzai, Ghor, Ghurids, Gokturks, Habibullah, Hafizullah Amin, Hamid Karzai, Herat, History of Afghanistan since 1992, History of present-day nations and states, Independence Day, Iranian languages, Iranian peoples, Iranian plateau, Islam, Islamic Jihad Council, Islamic conquest of Afghanistan, Islamist, Italy, Kabul, Khalq, Khushal Khan Khattak, Khwarezmid Empire, Kushana, Loya Jirga, Mahmud of Ghazni, Maktab al-Khadamat, Moghul Empire, Mohammad Zahir Shah, Mohammadzai, Mohammed Daoud Khan, Mohammed Nadir Khan, Mohammed Najibullah, Mongol, Mongols, Mughal, Muhammad II, Muslim, Nadir Shah, Nasher, Nur Muhammad Taraki, Osama bin Laden, Pakistan, Pakistani, Panjshir valley, Parcham, Pashtun, Pashtuns, Pasto, People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, Persia, Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan, Reforms of Amanullah Khan and civil war, Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah, Russian, Russian Empires, Sardar Mohammad Hashim Khan, Sardar Shah Mahmud Khan, Saudi Arabia, Scythians, Seljuk, September 11, 2001 attacks, Shahis, Shiism, Shir Ali, Sibghatullah Mojadeddi, South Asia, Soviet Union, Soviet war in Afghanistan, Sunni, Tajik, Taliban, Tang China, The Great Game, Third Anglo-Afghan war, Timeline of Afghan history, Timur Lenk, Treaty of Rawalpindi, Turkey, USSR, United Nations, United States, Uzbeks, West, White Huns, World War I, burqa, collapse of the Soviet Union, diplomatic recognition, first, history, invasion of Afghanistan, mujahedin, mujahidin, second Anglo-Afghan war, shah, veil, warlordism
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah 1929-1973", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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