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History of Afghanistan - Islamic conquest of Afghanistan 642-1747 | | History of Afghanistan - Islamic conquest of Afghanistan 642-1747: Encyclopedia II - History of Afghanistan - Islamic conquest of Afghanistan 642-1747 | | Main article: Islamic conquest of Afghanistan
In 642 CE, Arabs invaded the entire region and introduced Islam. Afghanistan, like all others conquered by the Arabs had local rulers including the empire of Tang China, which had extended its influence all the way to Kabul. The Khorasani Persian-Arabs controlled the area until they were conquered by the Ghaznavid Empire in 998. Mahmud of Ghazni (998-1030) consolidated the conquests of his predecessors and turned Ghazna (Ghazni) into a great cultural center as well as a base for fre ...
See also:History of Afghanistan, History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan, History of Afghanistan - Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan before 651, History of Afghanistan - Islamic conquest of Afghanistan 642-1747, History of Afghanistan - The Durrani Empire 1747-1826, History of Afghanistan - European influence in Afghanistan 1826-1919, History of Afghanistan - Reforms of Amanullah Khan and civil war 1919-1929, History of Afghanistan - Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah 1929-1973, History of Afghanistan - Daoud's Republic of Afghanistan 1973-1978, History of Afghanistan - Soviet intervention in Afghanistan 1978-1992, History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan 1992 to present | | | History of Afghanistan, History of Afghanistan - Daoud's Republic of Afghanistan 1973-1978, History of Afghanistan - European influence in Afghanistan 1826-1919, History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan, History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan 1992 to present, History of Afghanistan - Islamic conquest of Afghanistan 642-1747, History of Afghanistan - Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan before 651, History of Afghanistan - Reforms of Amanullah Khan and civil war 1919-1929, History of Afghanistan - Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah 1929-1973, History of Afghanistan - Soviet intervention in Afghanistan 1978-1992, History of Afghanistan - The Durrani Empire 1747-1826, Timeline of Afghan history, History of present-day nations and states | | |
| | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Afghanistan - Islamic conquest of Afghanistan 642-1747
History of Afghanistan - Islamic conquest of Afghanistan 642-1747
Main article: Islamic conquest of Afghanistan
In 642 CE, Arabs invaded the entire region and introduced Islam. Afghanistan, like all others conquered by the Arabs had local rulers including the empire of Tang China, which had extended its influence all the way to Kabul. The Khorasani Persian-Arabs controlled the area until they were conquered by the Ghaznavid Empire in 998. Mahmud of Ghazni (998-1030) consolidated the conquests of his predecessors and turned Ghazna (Ghazni) into a great cultural center as well as a base for frequent forays into India. The Ghaznavid dynasty was defeated in 1146 by the Ghurids (Ghor), the Ghaznavid Khans continued to live in Ghazni as the 'Nasher' until the early 20th century but they never regained their once vast power. Various princes and Seljuk rulers attempted to rule parts of the country until the shah Muhammad II of the Khwarezmid Empire conquered all of Persia in 1205. By 1219 the empire had fallen to the Mongols.
Led by Genghis Khan, the invasion resulted in massive slaughter of the population, destruction of many cities, including Herat, Ghazni, and Balkh, and the despoliation of fertile agricultural areas. Following Genghis Khan's death in 1227, a succession of petty chiefs and princes struggled for supremacy until late in the 14th century, when one of his descendants, Timur Lenk, incorporated what is today Afghanistan into his own vast Asian empire. Babur, a descendant of Timur and the founder of India's Moghul Empire at the beginning of the 16th century, made Kabul the capital of an Afghan principality.
Afghanistan was divided in three parts in the 16th, 17th and early 18th century. North were the Uzbeks, west was Persia and East was the Mughal empire. The Afghans, or more specific Ghilzai Pashtuns under Khan Nasher rose against Persian rule in the early 18th century. The Persian army was defeated and the Afghans conquered the whole of Persia afterwards. The Ghilzai Pashtuns were defeated and the Durrani Pashtuns became the principal Afghan rulers.
Other related archives1030, 1146, 1205, 1219, 1227, 1747, 1818, 1839, 1842, 1878, 1880, 1900, 1901, 1919, 1927, 1929, 1933, 1946, 1953, 1963, 1973, 1978, 1979, 1988, 1992, 1998, 19th century, 328 BC, 642, 998, Abdul Rashid Dostum, Abdur Rahman Khan, Achaemenid, Afghan Northern Alliance, Afghanistan, Afghans, Ahmad Shah, Ahmad Shah Durrani, Ahmed Shah Massoud, Al-Biruni, Al-Qaida, Alexander the Great, Amanullah, Amanullah Khan, American, Amir Abdur Rahman, April 18, Ataturk, August, August 19, Babrak Karmal, Babur, Bacha-i-Saqao, Bactria, Balkh, Bonn, British, British India, Burhanuddin Rabbani, CE, CIA, Central, Central Asia, Daoud's Republic of Afghanistan, Dari, December 25, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, Dost Mohammed Khan, Durrani, Durrani Empire, Europe, European influence in Afghanistan, Ferdowsi, Geneva accords, Genghis Khan, German, Ghaznavid Empire, Ghazni, Ghilzai, Ghor, Ghurids, Gokturks, Habibullah, Hafizullah Amin, Hamid Karzai, Herat, History of Afghanistan since 1992, History of present-day nations and states, Independence Day, Iranian languages, Iranian peoples, Iranian plateau, Islam, Islamic Jihad Council, Islamic conquest of Afghanistan, Islamist, Italy, Kabul, Khalq, Khushal Khan Khattak, Khwarezmid Empire, Kushana, Loya Jirga, Mahmud of Ghazni, Maktab al-Khadamat, Moghul Empire, Mohammad Zahir Shah, Mohammadzai, Mohammed Daoud Khan, Mohammed Nadir Khan, Mohammed Najibullah, Mongol, Mongols, Mughal, Muhammad II, Muslim, Nadir Shah, Nasher, Nur Muhammad Taraki, Osama bin Laden, Pakistan, Pakistani, Panjshir valley, Parcham, Pashtun, Pashtuns, Pasto, People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, Persia, Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan, Reforms of Amanullah Khan and civil war, Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah, Russian, Russian Empires, Sardar Mohammad Hashim Khan, Sardar Shah Mahmud Khan, Saudi Arabia, Scythians, Seljuk, September 11, 2001 attacks, Shahis, Shiism, Shir Ali, Sibghatullah Mojadeddi, South Asia, Soviet Union, Soviet war in Afghanistan, Sunni, Tajik, Taliban, Tang China, The Great Game, Third Anglo-Afghan war, Timeline of Afghan history, Timur Lenk, Treaty of Rawalpindi, Turkey, USSR, United Nations, United States, Uzbeks, West, White Huns, World War I, burqa, collapse of the Soviet Union, diplomatic recognition, first, history, invasion of Afghanistan, mujahedin, mujahidin, second Anglo-Afghan war, shah, veil, warlordism
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Islamic conquest of Afghanistan 642-1747", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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