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Finno-Ugric languages - Common vocabulary | | Finno-Ugric languages - Common vocabulary: Encyclopedia II - Finno-Ugric languages - Common vocabulary | | This is a small sample of cognates in basic vocabulary across Uralic, illustrating the sound laws (based on the Encyclopædia Britannica and Hakkinen 1979). Note that in general two cognates don't have the same meaning; they merely have the same origin. Thus, the English word in each row should be regarded as an approximation of the original meaning, not a translation of the other words.
(Orthographical notes: The hacek (š) denotes postalveolar articulation, while the accent (ś) denotes a secondary palatal articulation. The F ...
See also:Finno-Ugric languages, Finno-Ugric languages - Origins, Finno-Ugric languages - History, Finno-Ugric languages - Structural features, Finno-Ugric languages - Classification, Finno-Ugric languages - Disputes, Finno-Ugric languages - Common vocabulary, Finno-Ugric languages - Numbers, Finno-Ugric languages - Finno-Ugric Swadesh lists | | | Finno-Ugric languages, Finno-Ugric languages - Classification, Finno-Ugric languages - Common vocabulary, Finno-Ugric languages - Disputes, Finno-Ugric languages - Finno-Ugric Swadesh lists, Finno-Ugric languages - History, Finno-Ugric languages - Numbers, Finno-Ugric languages - Origins, Finno-Ugric languages - Structural features, Uralic languages, Uralo-Siberian languages | | |
| | | Finno-Ugric languages: Encyclopedia II - Finno-Ugric languages - Common vocabulary
Finno-Ugric languages - Common vocabulary
This is a small sample of cognates in basic vocabulary across Uralic, illustrating the sound laws (based on the Encyclopædia Britannica and Hakkinen 1979). Note that in general two cognates don't have the same meaning; they merely have the same origin. Thus, the English word in each row should be regarded as an approximation of the original meaning, not a translation of the other words.
(Orthographical notes: The hacek (š) denotes postalveolar articulation, while the accent (ś) denotes a secondary palatal articulation. The Finnish letter 'y' [y] represents the same phoneme (a rounded or centralized [i]) as the letter 'ü' in other languages. The voiced dental spirant [ð] is the origin of the standard Finnish 'd', which is realized differently in each dialect today. The same sound is marked with the letter đ in the Sami languages. The Sami 'č' is a voiceless postalveolar affricate [ʧ]. Hungarian 'gy' is the palatalized [dʲ], not a 'g'.)
Finno-Ugric languages - Numbers
The numbers from 1 to 10 in Finnish, Estonian, Võro, North Sami, Erzya, Meadow Mari, Mansi, Hungarian, and Proto-Finno-Ugric.
One reconstruction for numbers 8 and 9 is *kak+teksa '10–2' and *yk+teksa '10–1', where *teksa cf. deka is a Indo-European loan; notice that the difference between /t/ and /d/ is not phonemic, unlike in Indo-European.
Finno-Ugric languages - Finno-Ugric Swadesh lists
100-word Swadesh lists for certain Finno-Ugric languages can be compared and contrasted at the Rosetta Project website: Finnish, Estonian, Hungarian, Erzya. Notice that particularly the Finnish list is unreliable, because it contains several neologisms or formal words, e.g. henkilö (from henki life + place suffix) instead of the more commonly used ihminen, which is a Baltic Finnic word. The Finnish list has also spelling errors suggesting it was compiled by a person who does not know Finnish.
Other related archives15th century, 1671, 1717, 1770, 1799, 1890s, 1990s, 19th century, 2000 BC, 3rd millennium BC, 4200 BC, Akkala Sami, Baltic Sea, Baltic languages, Baltic-Finnic, Bronze Age, Celtic, Chinese, Comb Ceramic Culture, Comb Ceramic culture, Eastern, English, Erzya, Estonian, Europe, Finnic, Finnish, Finno-Lappic, Finno-Permic, Finno-Volgaic, Georg Stiernhielm, German, Germania, Germanic languages, Hungarian, Inari Sami, Indo-European, Indo-European languages, Indo-European studies, Indo-Iranian, Ingrian Finnish, Izhorian, Jesuit, Karelian, Kemi Sami, Khanty, Kildin Sami, Komi, Komi-Permyak, Kurgan hypothesis, Kven Finnish, Leibniz, Livonian, Lude, Lule Sami, Lyle Campbell, Mansi, Mari, Merya, Meshcherian, Meänkieli, Moksha, Mordvinic, Muromian, Nilotic, Northern Sami, Olof Rudbeck, Olonets Karelian, Permic, Pite Sami, Proto-Finno-Ugric, References, Rosetta Project, Russia, Sami, Samoyedic, Samoyedic languages, Sarmatians, Scythians, Semitic, Seto, Siberian larch, Siberian pine, Skolt Sami, Slavic speaking tribes, Southern Sami, Swadesh lists, Swedish, Tacitus, Ter Sami, Turkic, Udmurt, Ugric, Ume Sami, Ural Mountains, Ural mountains, Ural-Altaic, Uralic languages, Uralo-Siberian languages, Urheimat, Veps, Vietnamese, Volga River, Votic, Võro, Yukaghir languages, acc., cases, cognates, conjugated, dat., declension, elm, genitive, glacial period, hedgehog, inflected, inflection, isolating languages, language isolate, loanwords, nom., possessive adjectives, possessive pronouns, prepositions, proto-language, reindeer, spruce, substrate, suffixes, under Russian rule, verbs
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Common vocabulary", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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