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Edward III of England - Domestic events and personal life | | Edward III of England - Domestic events and personal life: Encyclopedia II - Edward III of England - Domestic events and personal life | | While the king and the prince campaigned abroad, the government was left largely in the hands of the prince's younger brother, John of Gaunt. Economic prosperity from the developing wool trade created new wealth in the kingdom, but the ravages of the bubonic plague, or Black Death, had a significant impact on the lives of his subjects. Commercial taxes became a major source of royal revenue, which had previously been largely from taxes on land. Parliament became divided into two houses. During Edward's reign, French was still the language of the E ...
See also:Edward III of England, Edward III of England - Early life, Edward III of England - Early reign, Edward III of England - The Hundred Years' War, Edward III of England - Domestic events and personal life, Edward III of England - Issue, Edward III of England - The sons and the Wars of the Roses, Edward III of England - The daughters, Edward III of England - External link | | | Edward III of England, Edward III of England - Domestic events and personal life, Edward III of England - Early life, Edward III of England - Early reign, Edward III of England - External link, Edward III of England - Issue, Edward III of England - The Hundred Years' War, Edward III of England - The daughters, Edward III of England - The sons and the Wars of the Roses | | |
| | | Edward III of England: Encyclopedia II - Edward III of England - Domestic events and personal life
Edward III of England - Domestic events and personal life
While the king and the prince campaigned abroad, the government was left largely in the hands of the prince's younger brother, John of Gaunt. Economic prosperity from the developing wool trade created new wealth in the kingdom, but the ravages of the bubonic plague, or Black Death, had a significant impact on the lives of his subjects. Commercial taxes became a major source of royal revenue, which had previously been largely from taxes on land. Parliament became divided into two houses. During Edward's reign, French was still the language of the English noblesse following the Norman invasion, but this was changed.
The king also founded an order of knighthood, the Order of the Garter, allegedly as a result of an incident when a lady, with whom he was dancing at a court ball, dropped an item of intimate apparel (possibly a sanitary belt, though sources describe it as being made of velvet). Gallantly picking it up to assuage her embarrassment, Edward tied it around his own leg, and remarked Honi soit qui mal y pense ('Shame on him who thinks evil of it'), which became the motto of the Order of the Garter. The woman in the case is known only as the "Countess of Salisbury". Some say it was Edward's daughter-in-law, Joan of Kent, but a more likely candidate is Joan's mother-in-law from her first marriage.
Despite having an unusually happy marriage, and producing thirteen children with Philippa, Edward was a notorious womaniser. After Philippa's death in 1369, Edward's mistress, Alice Perrers, became a byword for corruption.
Facing a resurgent French monarchy and losses in France, Edward asked parliament to grant him more funds by taxing the wine and wool trades, but this was badly received in 1374-1375 as a new outbreak of bubonic plague struck. The "Good Parliament" of 1376 criticised Edward's councillors, including Alice Perrers' family, and advised him to limit his ambitions to suit his revenues.
Edward died of a stroke in 1377 and was buried in Westminster Abbey. The Prince Edward pre-deceased him in 1376, and Edward III was succeeded by his young grandson, King Richard II of England, son of Edward the Black Prince.
Other related archives13 November, 1312, 1312 births, 1320, 1325, 1327, 1328, 1330, 1333, 1335, 1337, 1338, 1340, 1341, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1355, 1356, 1360, 1368, 1369, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1377 deaths, 1397, 1399, 1402, 1450s, 1483, 16 February, 1707, 21 June, 24 June, 25 January, 5 September, 8 July, Act of Union, Agincourt, Alice Perrers, Anne, Anne Mortimer, Battle of Crecy, Battle of Halidon Hill, Battle of Poitiers, Bayonne, Beauforts, Black Death, Black Prince, Buckingham, Capetian, Charles II of Navarre, Charles IV, Charles IV of France, David II of Scotland, Duarte of Portugal, Duchy of Aquitaine, Duke of Clarence, Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Gloucester, Duke of Lancaster, Duke of York, Dukes of Buckingham, Earl of Bedford, Earl of Chester, Earls in the Peerage of England, Edmund, Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley, Edward, Edward Balliol, Edward II of England, Edward IV, Edward the Black Prince, Edward, Duke of York, Edward, the Black Prince, Emperor Louis IV, English, English Kings of France, English monarchs, English monarchs family tree, Enguerrand VII de Coucy, France, French, George III, Henry III, Henry III of England, Henry IV, Henry Stafford, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, House of Anjou, Hundred Years' War, Isabella of France, January 26, Joan II of Navarre, Joan Plantagenet, Joan of Kent, Joan of the Tower, John Beaufort, John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter, John II, John V, Duke of Brittany, John of Gaunt, Katherine Swynford, King Juan II, King Pedro I, Lionel of Antwerp, Lords Appellant, Margaret Beaufort, Mortimer, Natives of Berkshire, Norman invasion, Order of the Garter, Parliament, Peter I of Castile, Philip III, Philip IV, Philip VI, Philip of Burgundy, Philip the Fair, Philippa, Philippa of Hainault, Prince of Wales, Richard II, Richard II of England, Richard III, Richard, Earl of Cambridge, Roger Mortimer, Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, Salic law, Scotland, September 2, Thomas of Woodstock, Treaty of Brétigny, United Kingdom, Valois, Wars of the Roses, Westminster Abbey, Windsor Castle, York Minster, bubonic plague, coat of arms, fleur de lis, heir presumptive, kings, knighthood, medieval, stroke, velvet, war with France
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Domestic events and personal life", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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