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Direct democracy - Direct democracy in Switzerland | | Direct democracy - Direct democracy in Switzerland: Encyclopedia II - Direct democracy - Direct democracy in Switzerland | | In Switzerland, single majorities are sufficient at the town, city, and state (canton and half-canton) level, but at the national level, "double majorities" may be required. The intent of the double majorities is simply to ensure any citizen-made law's legitimacy (Kobach, 1993).
Double majorities are, first, the approval by a majority of those voting, and, second, a majority of states in which a majority of those voting approve the ballot measure. A citizen-proposed law cannot be passed in Switzerland at the national level if a majori ...
See also:Direct democracy, Direct democracy - History, Direct democracy - Electronic direct democracy, Direct democracy - Arguments for direct democracy, Direct democracy - Arguments against direct democracy, Direct democracy - Direct democracy in Switzerland, Direct democracy - Direct democracy in the United States, Direct democracy - Direct democracy in Canada | | | Direct democracy, Direct democracy - Arguments against direct democracy, Direct democracy - Arguments for direct democracy, Direct democracy - Direct democracy in Canada, Direct democracy - Direct democracy in Switzerland, Direct democracy - Direct democracy in the United States, Direct democracy - Electronic direct democracy, Direct democracy - History, Democracy (varieties), History of democracy, List of politics-related topics | | |
| | | Direct democracy: Encyclopedia II - Direct democracy - Direct democracy in Switzerland
Direct democracy - Direct democracy in Switzerland
In Switzerland, single majorities are sufficient at the town, city, and state (canton and half-canton) level, but at the national level, "double majorities" may be required. The intent of the double majorities is simply to ensure any citizen-made law's legitimacy (Kobach, 1993).
Double majorities are, first, the approval by a majority of those voting, and, second, a majority of states in which a majority of those voting approve the ballot measure. A citizen-proposed law cannot be passed in Switzerland at the national level if a majority of the people approve, but a majority of the states disapprove (Kobach, 1993). For referendums or proposition in general terms (like the principle of a general revision of the Constitution), the majority of those voting is enough (Swiss constitution, 2005).
In 1890, when the provisions for Swiss national citizen lawmaking were being debated by civil society and government, the Swiss copied the idea of double majorities from the United States Congress, in which House votes were to represent the people and Senate votes were to represent the states (Kobach, 1993). According to its supporters, this "legitimacy-rich" approach to national citizen lawmaking has been very successful. Kobach claims that Switzerland has had tandem successes both socially and economically which are matched by only a few other nations, and that the United States is not one of them. Kobach states at the end of his book, "Too often, observers deem Switzerland an oddity among political systems. It is more appropriate to regard it as a pioneer." Double majorities are also required to introduce constitutional amendments in Australia. Finally, the Swiss political system, including its direct democratic devices in a multi-level governance context, becomes increasingly interesting for scholars of EU integration (see Trechsel, 2005).
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 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Direct democracy in Switzerland", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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