 | Conventional Egyptian chronology: Encyclopedia II - Conventional Egyptian chronology - Introduction
Conventional Egyptian chronology - Introduction
This conventional chronology of the rulers of ancient Egypt, taking into account well accepted developments during the 20th century but not including any of the major revision proposals that have also been made in that time.
Even within a single work, often archeologists will offer several possible dates or even several whole chronologies as possibilities. Consequently, there may be discrepancies between dates shown here and in articles on particular rulers. Often there are also several possible spellings of the names.
All dates are BC.
Conventional Egyptian chronology - Sources
- Predynastic Egypt is from Late Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt.
- The dates of Dynasties 1 to 10 are from Baines and Malek, Atlas of Ancient Egypt (Oxford, 1980).
- The dates of Dynasties 11 to 20 are from Kitchen, "The Basics of Egyptian Chronology in Relation to the Bronze Age", in Astrom (ed) High, Middle or Low (Gothengurg, 1987), taking his low chronology.
- Ken Kitchen uses textual artifacts such as the form and sequence of the blessings and curses used to bind contracts, the price of slaves as mentioned in everything from cuneiform texts to the Bible in context with the political and cultural interactions of the Ancient Near East to get a range or spread of about a century plus or minus for his chronologies.
- The dates of Dynasties 21 to 26 are from Kitchen, Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (1973, Warminster).
(This information has been supplemented from The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, edited by Ian Shaw (Oxford, 2000), and Digital Egypt for Universities, which was developed by The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology.)
It should be noted that there is a 60 year discrepancy between the dates proposed by these two authors. There is no attempt to remove this discrepancy in the combined chronology presented below.
This is a “Conventional Chronology” as discussed by David Rohl in A Test of Time (1995, Century). Though David Rohl bases his chronology on a number of conjectures which remain controversial such as there being more than one coterminous Dynasty in certain periods of Egyptian history and his spread or range of disagreement with other sources is close to three centuries in places, his theories have served to show how flimsy the substantive parts of Egyptian chronology actually are in places.
See also
- Egyptian chronology
- Pharaoh.
- Chronology of the Ancient Near East
Other related archives10th, 11th Dynasty, 11th Dynasty 2134-2040, 12th Dynasty 1991 1783, 13th Dynasty, 14th Dynasty, 15th Dynasty, 16th Dynasty, 17th Dynasty 1606-1539, 18th Dynasty, 19th Dynasty, 1st Dynasty, 20th Dynasty, 22nd Dynasty, 23rd Dynasty, 24th Dynasty, 25th Dynasty, 26th, 26th Dynasty, 2nd Dynasty, 3rd Dynasty 2649-2575, 4th Dynasty 2575-2134, 525, 526, 570, 589, 595, 5th Dynasty, 610, 664, 672, 6th Dynasty, 7th Dynasty 2150-2134, 8th Dynasty, 9th, Ahmose, Akhenaten, Amasis II, Amenemnisu, Amenemopet, Amenhotep I, Amenhotep II, Amenhotep III, Amenmesse, Ancient Egypt, Anedjib, Apries, Ay, BC, Bakenrenef, Cheops, Chephren, Chronology, Chronology of the Ancient Near East, David Rohl, Den, Djer, Djet, Djoser, Dynasty 0, Early Dynastic Period, Egyptian chronology, First Intermediate Period 2134 - 2040, Har-Psusennes II, Hatshepsut, Herihor, Horemheb, Hotepsekhemwy, Khasekhemwy, Manetho, Menes, Menkhaure, Menkheperre, Merenptah, Middle Kingdom 2040 - 1640, Narmer, Necho I, Necho II, Nefertiti, New Kingdom, Old Kingdom, Osorkon II, Osorkon the Elder, Pami, Pedubast, Pepi II Neferkare, Pharaoh, Piankhi, Pinedjem I, Protodynastic Period, Psammetichus I, Psammetichus II, Psammetichus III, Psusennes I, Psusennes III, Qa'a, Qakare Ibi, Ramesses I, Ramesses II, Ramesses III, Ramesses IV, Ramesses IX, Ramesses V, Ramesses VI, Ramesses VII, Ramesses VIII, Ramesses X, Ramesses XI, Raneb, Second Intermediate Period, Semerkhet, Seti I, Seti II, Setnakhte, Shabaka, Shebitku, Shoshenq I, Shoshenq II, Shoshenq III, Siamun, Siptah, Smendes I, Smenkhkare, Sneferu, Taharka, Tanite 21st Dynasty, Tantamani, Tausert, Tefnakhte, Teti, Theban 21st Dynasty, Third Intermediate Period, Thutmose I, Thutmose II, Thutmose III, Thutmose IV, Tutankhamun, Unas, Userkare, ancient Egypt, chronology, rulers
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