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Classical order - Parts of a column | | Classical order - Parts of a column: Encyclopedia II - Classical order - Parts of a column | | A column is divided into a shaft, its base and its capital. In classical buildings the horizontal structure that is supported on the columns like a beam is called an entablature. The entablature is commonly divided into the architrave, the frieze and the cornice. To distinguish between the different Classical orders, the capital is used as the most distinct characteristics.
A complete column and entablature consist of a number of distinct parts. The stylobate is the flat pavement on which the columns are placed. Standing ...
See also:Classical order, Classical order - Parts of a column, Classical order - Measurement, Classical order - Greek orders, Classical order - Doric order, Classical order - Ionic order, Classical order - Corinthian order, Classical order - Roman orders, Classical order - Tuscan order, Classical order - Composite order, Classical order - Original writings, Classical order - Modernist approaches | | | Classical order, Classical order - Composite order, Classical order - Corinthian order, Classical order - Doric order, Classical order - Greek orders, Classical order - Ionic order, Classical order - Measurement, Classical order - Modernist approaches, Classical order - Original writings, Classical order - Parts of a column, Classical order - Roman orders, Classical order - Tuscan order | | |
| | | Classical order: Encyclopedia II - Classical order - Parts of a column
Classical order - Parts of a column
A column is divided into a shaft, its base and its capital. In classical buildings the horizontal structure that is supported on the columns like a beam is called an entablature. The entablature is commonly divided into the architrave, the frieze and the cornice. To distinguish between the different Classical orders, the capital is used as the most distinct characteristics.
A complete column and entablature consist of a number of distinct parts. The stylobate is the flat pavement on which the columns are placed. Standing upon the stylobate is the plinth, a square block – sometimes circular – which forms the lowest part of the base. Further up comes the remainder of the base: one or many circular moldings with profiles. Common examples are the convex torus and the concave scotia, separated by fillets or bands.
On top of the base, the shaft is placed vertically. The shaft is cylindrical in shape and both long and narrow. The shaft is sometimes decorated with vertical hollows of fluting. The shaft is wider at the bottom than at the top, because its entasis, beginning a third of the way up, imperceptibly makes the column slightly more slender at the top.
The capital rests on the shaft. It has a load-bearing function, which concentrates the weight of the entablature, but it primarily serves an aesthetic purpose. The simplest form of the capital is the Doric, consisting of three parts. The necking is the continuation of the shaft, but is visually separated by one or many grooves. The echinus lies atop the necking. It is a circular block that bulges outwards towards the top in order to support the abacus, which is a square or shaped block that in turn supports the entablature.
The entablature consists of three horizontal layers, all of which are visually separated from each other using moldings or bands. The three layers of the entablature have distinct names: the architrave comes at the bottom, the frieze is in the middle and the molded cornice lies on the top. In Roman and post-Renaissance work, the entablature may be curved into an arch that springs from the column that bears its weight.
Other related archives5th century BC, 600 BC, abacus, Athens, Baroque, Callimachus, Composite order, Corinthian, Corinthian order, Doric, Doric order, Greece, Ionic, Ionic order, Renaissance, Sicily, Temple (Greek), Temple (Roman), Tuscan, Tuscan order, Vitruvius, abacus, architects in the Renaissance, architrave, capital, capitals, column, composite, cornice, entablature, entasis, frieze, metopes, moldings, pillars, sculptor, triglyphs
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Parts of a column", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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