August 3: Encyclopedia - August 3

August 3

August 3 is the 215th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (216th in leap years), with 150 days remaining.

August 3 - Events

• 8 - Roman general Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus.
• 435 - Deposed Patriarch of Constantinople Nestorius, considered the originator of the Christological "heresy" (at the time) known as Nestorianism, was exiled by Byzantine Emperor Theodosius II to a monastery in Egypt.
• 1492 - Christopher Columbus sets sail from Palos de la Frontera, Spain.
• 1492 - The Jews of Spain are expelled by the Catholic Monarchs.
• 1635 - The third of the Tokugawa shoguns, Iemitsu, establishes the system of alternate attendance by which the feudal daimyō are required to spend one year at Edo Castle in Tokyo and one year back home at their feudal manor, while their families remained in Tokyo as virtual political hostages. (Traditional Japanese Date: June 21, 1635).
• 1645 - The Second Battle of Nördlingen is fought between the forces of France and the Holy Roman Empire.
• 1678 - Robert LaSalle builds the Griffon, the first known ship built in America.
• 1783 - Mount Asama erupts in Japan, killing 35,000 people.
• 1860 - The Second Maori War begins in New Zealand.
• 1900 - Firestone Tire & Rubber Company founded.
• 1914 - First World War: Germany declares war against France.
• 1916 - First World War: The Battle of Romani is fought between forces of the British Empire and the Ottoman Empire.
• 1923 - Calvin Coolidge is inaugurated as the 30th President of the United States.
• 1940 - Second World War: Italy invades British Somaliland.
• 1946 - National Basketball Association is founded in the United States.
• 1948 - Whittaker Chambers accuses Alger Hiss of being a communist and a spy for the Soviet Union.
• 1958 - The nuclear submarine USS Nautilus travels beneath the Arctic ice cap.
• 1960 - Niger gains independence from France.
• 1972 - U.S. Senate ratifies the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty.
• 1973 - R&B singer Stevie Wonder releases the classic album Innervisions.
• 1975 - A privately chartered Boeing 707 impacts the mountainside near Agadir, Morocco killing 188.
• 1977 - United States Senate Hearing on MKULTRA.
• 1981 - In the United States, Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization walks off the job. All 13,000 members will eventually be fired by President Ronald Reagan.
• 1981 - Senegalese opposition parties, under the leadership of Mamadou Dia, launches the Antiimperialist Action Front-Suxxali Reew Mi.
• 1990 - The highest temperature recorded in the UK until 10 August 2003 - 37.1°C (98.8°F) at Cheltenham in Gloucestershire.
• 1997 - Oued El-Had and Mezouara massacre in Algeria; 40-76 villagers killed.
• 2004 - The pedestal of the Statue of Liberty reopens after being closed since September 11, 2001.
• 2005 - President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya of Mauritania is overthrown in a military coup while attending the funeral of King Fahd in Saudi Arabia.

August 3 - Births

• 1509 - Étienne Dolet, French scholar and printer (d. 1546)
• 1604 - John Eliot, English missionary (d. 1690)
• 1692 - John Henley, English clergyman (d. 1759)
• 1770 - King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia (d. 1840)
• 1801 - Joseph Paxton, English gardener and architect (d. 1865)
• 1808 - Hamilton Fish, American politician (d. 1893)
• 1811 - Elisha Graves Otis, American inventor (d. 1861)
• 1817 - Archduke Albert, Austrian general (d. 1895)
• 1832 - Ivan Zajc, Croatian composer (d. 1914)
• 1856 - Alfred Deakin, second Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1919)
• 1860 - W.K. Dickson, Scottish inventor (d. 1935)
• 1867 - Stanley Baldwin, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1947)
• 1872 - King Haakon VII of Norway (d. 1957)
• 1887 - Rupert Brooke, English poet (d. 1915)
• 1894 - Harry Heilmann, baseball player (d. 1951)
• 1900 - Ernie Pyle, American war correspondent (d. 1945)
• 1900 - John T. Scopes, American defendant (d. 1970)
• 1901 - Stefan Wyszynski, Polish Catholic prelate (d. 1981)
• 1903 - Habib Bourguiba, Tunisian Politician (d. 2000)
• 1904 - Clifford D. Simak, American author (d. 1988)
• 1905 - Dolores del Rio, Mexican-born actress (d. 1983)
• 1905 - Cardinal Franz König, Austrian Catholic archbishop (d. 2004)
• 1916 - José Manuel Moreno, Argentine footballer (d. 1978)
• 1918 - Sidney Gottlieb, American Central Intelligence Agency official (d. 1999)
• 1920 - P.D. James, English novelist
• 1923 - Shenouda III of Alexandria, Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church
• 1924 - Leon Uris, American novelist (d. 2003)
• 1925 - Marv Levy, American football coach
• 1926 - Tony Bennett, American singer
• 1926 - Anthony Sampson, British journalist and biographer (d. 2004)
• 1935 - Georgi Shonin, cosmonaut (d. 1997)
• 1936 - Edward Petherbridge, English actor
• 1937 - Steven Berkoff, British actor
• 1937 - Diane Wakoski, American poet
• 1938 - Terry Wogan, Irish radio and television presenter
• 1940 - Lance Alworth, American football player
• 1940 - Martin Sheen, American actor
• 1941 - Beverly Lee, American singer (Shirelles)
• 1941 - Martha Stewart, American publisher and media personality
• 1946 - Jack Straw, British politician
• 1948 - Jean-Pierre Raffarin, Prime Minister of France
• 1950 - John Landis, American film director
• 1951 - Marcel Dionne, Canadian hockey player
• 1951 - Jay North, American actor
• 1952 - Osvaldo Ardiles, Argentine footballer and coach
• 1959 - Martin Atkins, English drummer
• 1959 - Koichi Tanaka, Japanese scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
• 1963 - James Hetfield, American singer and guitarist (Metallica)
• 1977 - Tom Brady, American football player
• 1979 - Evangeline Lilly, Canadian actress and fashion model

August 3 - Deaths

• 1181 - Pope Alexander III
• 1460 - King James II of Scotland (b. 1430)
• 1546 - Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, Italian architect (b. 1484)
• 1546 - Étienne Dolet, French scholar and printer (b. 1509)
• 1604 - Bernardino de Mendoza, Spanish military commander
• 1621 - Guillaume du Vair, French writer (b. 1556)
• 1667 - Francesco Borromini, Swiss sculptor and architect (b. 1599)
• 1712 - Joshua Barnes, English scholar (b. 1654)
• 1720 - Anthonie Heinsius, Dutch statesman (b. 1641)
• 1721 - Grinling Gibbons, Dutch-born woodcarver (b. 1648)
• 1761 - Johann Matthias Gesner, German classical scholar (b. 1691)
• 1773 - Stanisław Konarski, Polish writer (b. 1700)
• 1780 - Étienne Bonnot de Condillac, French philosopher (b. 1715)
• 1792 - Richard Arkwright, English industrialist and inventor (b. 1732)
• 1797 - Jeffrey Amherst, British military commander (b. 1717)
• 1805 - Christopher Anstey, English writer (b. 1724)
• 1857 - Eugène Sue, French novelist (b. 1804)
• 1867 - Philipp August Böckh, German scholar and antiquarian (b. 1785)
• 1877 - William Butler Ogden, first Mayor of Chicago (b.1805)
• 1879 - Joseph Severn, English painter (b. 1793)
• 1916 - Sir Roger Casement, Irish rebel (hanged) (b. 1864)
• 1924 - Joseph Conrad, Polish-born writer (b. 1857)
• 1929 - Emil Berliner, German-born telephone and recording pioneer (b. 1851)
• 1929 - Thorstein Veblen, American economist (b. 1857)
• 1942 - Richard Willstätter, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1872)
• 1954 - Colette, French writer (b. 1873)
• 1964 - Flannery O'Connor, American writer (b. 1925)
• 1966 - Lenny Bruce, American comedian (b. 1925)
• 1973 - Richard Marshall, U.S. Army general (b. 1895)
• 1977 - Alfred Lunt, American actor (b. 1892)
• 1977 - Archbishop Makarios of Cyprus (b. 1913)
• 1979 - Bertil Ohlin, Swedish economist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1899)
• 1983 - Carolyn Jones, American actress (b. 1929)
• 1995 - Ida Lupino, English actress and director (b. 1914)
• 1995 - Edward Whittemore, American writer (b. 1933)
• 1998 - Alfred Schnittke, Russian composer (b. 1934)
• 2001 - Christopher Hewett, British actor (b. 1922)
• 2002 - Carmen Silvera, British actress (b. 1922)
• 2003 - Roger Voudouris, American singer and songwriter (b. 1954)
• 2004 - Henri Cartier-Bresson, French photographer (b. 1908)
• 2005 - Françoise d'Eaubonne, French feminist (b. 1920)
• 2005 - Steven Vincent, American journalist (b. 1955)

August 3 - Holidays and observances

• Equatorial Guinea - Armed Forces Day
• Niger - Independence Day

Adapted from the Wikipedia article "August 3", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki