August 14: Encyclopedia - August 14

August 14

August 14 is the 226th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (227th in leap years), with 139 days remaining.

August 14 - Events

• 1040 - King Duncan I of Scotland is killed in battle against his cousin and successor Macbeth
• 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures and flee to western Japan to escape pursuit by the Minamoto clan. (Traditional Japanese date: Twenty-fifth Day of the Seventh Month of the Second Year of Juei).
• 1385 - 1383-1385 Crisis: Castilians are defeated by Portuguese at the Battle of Aljubarrota.
• 1598 - Irish under Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, destroy English force at the Battle of the Yellow Ford.
• 1842 - Indian Wars: Second Seminole War ends, with the Seminoles forced from Florida to Oklahoma
• 1846 - The Cape Girardeau meteorite, a 2.3 kg chondrite-type meteorite strikes near the town of Cape Girardeau in Cape Girardeau County, Missouri.
• 1848 - Oregon Territory organized by Act of U.S. Congress
• 1880 - Cologne Cathedral, the most famous landmark in Cologne, Germany, completed
• 1885 - Japan's first patent is issued to the inventor of a rust-proof paint.
• 1893 - France introduces motor vehicle registration
• 1900 - A joint European-Japanese-United States force occupies Beijing, in campaign to end the Boxer Rebellion in China.
• 1901 - The first claimed powered flight, by Gustave Whitehead in his Number 21.
• 1908 - First beauty contest held in Folkestone, England
• 1911 - United States Senate leaders agree to rotate the office of Presdent pro tempore of the Senate among leading candidates to fill the vacancy left by William P. Frye's death.
• 1912 - United States Marines invade Nicaragua to support the U.S.-backed government installed there after José Santos Zelaya resigned three years earlier
• 1921 - Tannu Tuva,later Tuvinian People's Republic is established as a completely independent country (which is supported by Russia)
• 1933 - Loggers cause a forest fire in the Coast Range of Oregon, later known as the first forest fire of the Tillamook Burn. It is extinguished on September 5, after destroying 240,000 acres (970 km²).
• 1936 - Rainey Bethea is hanged in Owensboro, Kentucky in the last public execution in the United States
• 1935 - United States Social Security Act passes, creating a government pension system for the retired
• 1941 - World War II - Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt sign the Atlantic Charter of war stating postwar aims
• 1945 - Japan accepts the Allied terms of surrender in World War II and the Emperor records the Imperial Rescript on Surrender (August 15 in Japan standard time).
• 1947 - Pakistan gains independence from the United Kingdom
• 1967 - UK Marine Broadcasting Offences Act declares participation in offshore pirate radio illegal.
• 1969 - United Kingdom troops deploy in Northern Ireland
• 1971 - Bahrain declares its independence from United Kingdom
• 1972 - An East German Ilyushin Il-62 crashes during takeoff from East Berlin, killing 156
• 1976 - The Senegalese political party PAI-Rénovation is legally recognized. PAI-Rénovation thus becomes the third legal party in the country.
• 1980 - Lech Wałęsa leads strikes at Gdańsk, Poland shipyards.
• 1994 - Ilich Ramírez Sánchez, the terrorist known as "Carlos the Jackal", is captured.
• 2003 - Widescale power blackout in the northeast United States and Canada.
• 2004 - Sales tax holiday in Massachusetts. All sales taxes are suspended on purchases of $2500 or less.
• 2005 - Helios Airways Flight 522 crashes north of Athens, killing the 121 on board.

August 14 - Births

• 1297 - Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Japan (d. 1348)
• 1473 - Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury, daughter of George, Duke of Clarence (d. 1541)
• 1575 - Robert Hayman, English-born poet (d. 1629)
• 1586 - William Hutchinson, Rhode Island colonist (d. 1642)
• 1599 - Méric Casaubon, English classical scholar (d. 1671)
• 1625 - François de Harlay de Champvallon, Archbishop of Paris (d. 1695)
• 1642 - Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1723)
• 1653 - Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle, English statesman (d. 1688)
• 1688 - Frederick William I of Prussia (d. 1740)
• 1714 - Claude Joseph Vernet, French painter (d. 1789)
• 1740 - Pope Pius VII (d. 1823)
• 1771 - Sir Walter Scott, Scottish historical novelist and poet (d. 1832)
• 1777 - King Francis I of the Two Sicilies (d. 1830)
• 1777 - Hans Christian Ørsted, Danish physicist (d. 1851)
• 1840 - Richard von Krafft-Ebing, German psychologist (d. 1902)
• 1851 - Doc Holliday, American gambler and gunfighter (d. 1887)
• 1861 - Herbert Putnam, Librarian of Congress (d. 1955)
• 1863 - Ernest Thayer, American poet (d. 1940)
• 1865 - Guido Castelnuovo, Italian mathematician (d. 1952)
• 1866 - Charles Jean de la Vallée-Poussin, Belgian mathematician (d. 1962)
• 1867 - John Galsworthy, English writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1933)
• 1876 - Aleksandar Obrenović, King of Serbia
• 1881 - Francis Ford (actor), American actor
• 1882 - Gisela Richter, English art historian (d. 1972)
• 1910 - Pierre Schaeffer, French composer (d. 1955)
• 1911 - Shri Vethathiri Maharishi, Indian yogi
• 1916 - Wellington Mara, Co-Owner of the New York Football Giants
• 1925 - Russell Baker, American columnist
• 1926 - René Goscinny, French comic-strip author (d. 1977)
• 1926 - Lina Wertmüller, Italian film director
• 1930 - Earl Weaver, baseball manager
• 1933 - Richard R. Ernst, Swiss chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1935 - John Brodie, American football player
• 1940 - Dash Crofts, American musician (Seals and Crofts)
• 1941 - David Crosby, American guitarist and songwriter
• 1943 - Jimmy Johnson, American football player and broadcaster
• 1945 - Steve Martin, American comedian and actor
• 1945 - Wim Wenders, German-born film director
• 1946 - Antonio Fargas, American actor
• 1946 - Susan Saint James, American actress
• 1947 - Danielle Steel, American novelist
• 1950 - Bob Backlund, American professional wrestler
• 1950 - Gary Larson, American cartoonist
• 1952 - Carl Lumbly, American actor
• 1952 - Debbie Meyer, American swimmer
• 1953 - James Horner, American composer
• 1954 - Mark Fidrych, baseball player
• 1956 - Rusty Wallace, American race car driver
• 1959 - Marcia Gay Harden, American actress
• 1959 - Earvin "Magic" Johnson, American basketball player
• 1960 - Sarah Brightman, English soprano
• 1961 - Susan Olsen, American actress
• 1964 - Brannon Braga, American scriptwriter and director
• 1965 - Emmanuelle Béart, American actress
• 1966 - Halle Berry, American actress
• 1973 - Jared Borgetti, Mexican footballer
• 1973 - Jay-Jay Okocha, Nigerian footballer
• 1973 - Kieren Perkins, Australian swimmer
• 1977 - Juan Pierre, baseball player
• 1983 - Elena Baltacha, Ukrainian-born tennis player
• 1983 - Mila Kunis, Ukrainian-born actress
• 1986 - Terin Humphrey, American gymnast

August 14 - Deaths

• 1167 - Rainald of Dassel, Archbishop of Cologne
• 1204 - Minamoto no Yoriie, Japanese shogun (b. 1182)
• 1390 - John FitzAlan, 2nd Baron Arundel, English soldier (b. 1364)
• 1430 - Philip I, Duke of Brabant (b. 1404)
• 1433 - King John I of Portugal (b. 1357)
• 1464 - Pope Pius II (b. 1405)
• 1573 - Saito Tatsuoki, Japanese warlord (b. 1548)
• 1691 - Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnel, Irish rebel (b. 1630)
• 1704 - Roland Laporte, French protestant leader (b. 1675)
• 1727 - William Croft, English composer (b. 1678)
• 1774 - Johann Jakob Reiske, German scholar and physician (b. 1716)
• 1784 - Nathaniel Hone, Irish-born painter (b. 1718)
• 1856 - Constant Prévost, French geologist (b. 1787)
• 1860 - André Marie Constant Duméril, French zoologist (b. 1774)
• 1905 - Simeon Solomon, British artist (b. 1840)
• 1941 - Paul Sabatier, French chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1854)
• 1943 - Joe Kelley, baseball player (b. 1871)
• 1951 - William Randolph Hearst, American newspaper magnate (b. 1863)
• 1955 - Herbert Putnam, Librarian of Congress (b. 1861)
• 1956 - Bertolt Brecht, German writer (b. 1898)
• 1958 - Frédéric Joliot, French physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (b. 1900)
• 1972 - Oscar Levant, American actor, composer, and musician (b. 1906)
• 1980 - Dorothy Stratten, Canadian actress and model (b. 1960)
• 1981 - Karl Böhm, Austrian conductor (b. 1894)
• 1984 - J. B. Priestley, English novelist and playwright (b. 1894)
• 1985 - Gale Sondergaard, American actress (b. 1899)
• 1988 - Enzo Ferrari, Italian car maker (b. 1898)
• 2000 - Alain Fournier, French-born computer graphics researcher (b. 1943)
• 2002 - Dave Williams, American singer (Drowning Pool)
• 2003 - Helmut Rahn, German footballer (b. 1929)
• 2004 - Czesław Miłosz, Polish-born writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
• 2005 - Coo Coo Marlin, American race car driver (b. 1932)

August 14 - Holidays and observances

• Morocco - Allegiance of Oued Eddahab or Río de Oro
• RC saints - Maximilian Kolbe Polish Franciscan priest martyred by Nazis in 1941; Eusebius of Rome
• Pakistan - Independence Day
• United States - National Code Talkers Day

Adapted from the Wikipedia article "August 14", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki