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Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas | | Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas | | In the 8th century BC Greece began to emerge from the Dark Ages which followed the fall of the Mycenaean civilization. Literacy had been lost and the Mycenaean script forgotten, but the Greeks adapted the Phoenician alphabet to Greek and from about 800 BC written records begin to appear. Greece was divided into many small self-governing communities, a pattern dictated by Greek geography, where every island, valley and plain is cut ...
See also:Ancient Greece, Ancient Greece - Origins, Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas, Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict, Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars, Ancient Greece - The dominance of Athens, Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War, Ancient Greece - Spartan and Theban dominance, Ancient Greece - The rise of Macedon, Ancient Greece - The conquests of Alexander, Ancient Greece - Society, Ancient Greece - Social Structure, Ancient Greece - Way of Life, Ancient Greece - Education | | | Ancient Greece, Ancient Greece - Education, Ancient Greece - Origins, Ancient Greece - Social Structure, Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict, Ancient Greece - Society, Ancient Greece - Spartan and Theban dominance, Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War, Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars, Ancient Greece - The conquests of Alexander, Ancient Greece - The dominance of Athens, Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas, Ancient Greece - The rise of Macedon, Ancient Greece - Way of Life, Ancient Olympic Games, Architecture of Ancient Greece, Art in Ancient Greece, Eleusinian Mysteries, Fiction set in Ancient Greece, Greek literature, Greek mathematics, Greek mythology, Greek philosophy, Greek theatre, History of Athens, History of the Greek language, List of ancient Greeks, List of ancient Greek cities, Timeline of Ancient Greece | | |
| | | Ancient Greece: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas
Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas
In the 8th century BC Greece began to emerge from the Dark Ages which followed the fall of the Mycenaean civilization. Literacy had been lost and the Mycenaean script forgotten, but the Greeks adapted the Phoenician alphabet to Greek and from about 800 BC written records begin to appear. Greece was divided into many small self-governing communities, a pattern dictated by Greek geography, where every island, valley and plain is cut off from its neighbors by the sea or mountain ranges.
As Greece recovered economically, its population grew beyond the capacity of its limited arable land, and from about 750 BC the Greeks began 250 years of expansion, settling colonies in all directions. To the east, the Aegean coast of Asia Minor was colonized first, followed by Cyprus and the coasts of Thrace, the Sea of Marmara and south coast of the Black Sea. Eventually Greek colonization reached as far north-east as present day Ukraine. To the west the coasts of Albania, Sicily and southern Italy were settled, followed by the south coast of France, Corsica, and even northeastern Spain. Greek colonies were also founded in Egypt and Libya. Modern Syracuse, Naples, Marseille and Istanbul had their beginnings as the Greek colonies Syracusa, Neapolis, Massilia and Byzantium.
By the 6th century BC Hellas had become a cultural and linguistic area much larger than the geographical area of Greece. Greek colonies were not politically controlled by their founding cities, although they often retained religious and commercial links with them. The Greeks both at home and abroad organised themselves into independent communities, and the city (polis) became the basic unit of Greek government.
First Crete, then in short order the other Greek city-states, adopted the formal practice of pederasty. From its ritual roots in Indo-European prehistory, the practice was elevated to prominence, influencing pedagogy, warfare and social life, and becoming a central feature of Hellenic culture for the next thousand years.
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 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "The rise of Hellas", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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