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Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict | | Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict | | The Greek cities were originally monarchies, although many of them were very small and the term "King" (basileus) for their rulers is misleadingly grand. In a country always short of farmland, power rested with a small class of landowners, who formed a warrior aristocracy fighting frequent petty inter-city wars over land and rapidly ousting the monarchy. About this time the rise of a mercantile class (shown by the introduction of coinage in about 680 BC) introduced class conflict into the larger cities. From 650 BC onwards, the aristo ...
See also:Ancient Greece, Ancient Greece - Origins, Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas, Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict, Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars, Ancient Greece - The dominance of Athens, Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War, Ancient Greece - Spartan and Theban dominance, Ancient Greece - The rise of Macedon, Ancient Greece - The conquests of Alexander, Ancient Greece - Society, Ancient Greece - Social Structure, Ancient Greece - Way of Life, Ancient Greece - Education | | | Ancient Greece, Ancient Greece - Education, Ancient Greece - Origins, Ancient Greece - Social Structure, Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict, Ancient Greece - Society, Ancient Greece - Spartan and Theban dominance, Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War, Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars, Ancient Greece - The conquests of Alexander, Ancient Greece - The dominance of Athens, Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas, Ancient Greece - The rise of Macedon, Ancient Greece - Way of Life, Ancient Olympic Games, Architecture of Ancient Greece, Art in Ancient Greece, Eleusinian Mysteries, Fiction set in Ancient Greece, Greek literature, Greek mathematics, Greek mythology, Greek philosophy, Greek theatre, History of Athens, History of the Greek language, List of ancient Greeks, List of ancient Greek cities, Timeline of Ancient Greece | | |
| | | Ancient Greece: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict
Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict
The Greek cities were originally monarchies, although many of them were very small and the term "King" (basileus) for their rulers is misleadingly grand. In a country always short of farmland, power rested with a small class of landowners, who formed a warrior aristocracy fighting frequent petty inter-city wars over land and rapidly ousting the monarchy. About this time the rise of a mercantile class (shown by the introduction of coinage in about 680 BC) introduced class conflict into the larger cities. From 650 BC onwards, the aristocracies had to fight not to be overthrown and replaced by populist leaders called tyrants (tyrranoi), a word which did not necessarily have the modern meaning of oppressive dictators.
By the 6th century BC several cities had emerged as dominant in Greek affairs: Athens, Sparta, Corinth, and Thebes. Each of them had brought the surrounding rural areas and smaller towns under their control, and Athens and Corinth had become major maritime and mercantile powers as well. Athens and Sparta developed a rivalry that dominated Greek politics for generations.
In Sparta, the landed aristocracy retained their power, and the constitution of Lycurgus (about 650 BC) entrenched their power and gave Sparta a permanent militarist regime under a dual monarchy. Sparta dominated the other cities of the Peloponnese, with the sole exceptions of Argus and Achaia.
In Athens, by contrast, the monarchy was abolished in 683 BC, and reforms of Solon established a moderate system of aristocratic government. The aristocrats were followed by the tyranny of Pisistratus and his sons, who made the city a great naval and commercial power. When the Pisistratids were overthrown, Cleisthenes established the world's first democracy (500 BC), with power being held by an assembly of all the male citizens. But it must be remembered that only a minority of the male inhabitants were citizens, excluding slaves, freedmen and non-Athenians.
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 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Social and political conflict", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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