Alfonso VIII of Castile: Encyclopedia - Alfonso VIII of Castile

Alfonso VIII of Castile

Alfonso VIII (November 11, 1155 – October 5, 1214); called the Noble or, in Spanish, de las Navas; was the king of Castile and grandson of Alfonso VII. He led the coalition of Christian princes and foreign crusaders who broke the power of the Almohades at the battle of the Navas de Tolosa in 1212.

His early life resembled that of other medieval kings. He succeeded to the throne, in infancy, on the death of his father, Sancho. Though proclaimed king, he was regarded as a mere name by the unruly nobles to whom a minority was convenient. Also his mother was dead, thus he did not have closer relatives than his uncle Ferdinand, king of Leon, who wanted power in Castile. The devotion of a squire of his household, who carried him on the pommel of his saddle to the stronghold of San Esteban de Gormaz, saved him from falling into the hands of the contending factions of Castro and Lara, or of his uncle Ferdinand of León, who claimed the regency.

The loyalty of the town of Ávila protected his youth. He was barely fifteen when he came forth to do a man's work by restoring his kingdom to order. It was only by a surprise that he recovered his capital Toledo from the hands of the Laras. His marriage with Eleanor of England (Sp: Leonora), daughter of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine (Aquitaine having old ties with Castile), brought him under the influence of the greatest governing intellect of his time. Alfonso VIII was the founder of the first Spanish university, the studium generale of Palencia, which, however, did not survive him.

During his reign, Castile annexed the province of Logroño.

In 1176, Alfonso married Leonora of England and Aquitaine. They had 12 children:

• Berenguela, or Berenguaria, Queen of Castile (1180-1246), married to Conrad of Hohenstaufen, Duke of Swabia, and then to Alfonso IX, King of León; succeeded her brother, Henry I
• Sancho, prince of Castile (1181)
• Sancha, princess of Castile (1182-1184)
• Urraca, princess of Castile (1186-1220), married to Alfonso II of Portugal
• Blanche, a.k.a Blanche of Castile, princess of Castile (1188-1252), married to Louis VIII of France
• Ferdinand, prince of Castile (1189-1211)
• Mafalda, princess of Castile (1191-1204)
• Henry, prince of Castile (1192 - 1190s)
• Constance or Constanza, princess of Castile (1196 - late 1190s)
• Eleonor or Eleanor, princess of Castile (1202-1244), married to James I of Aragon
• Henry I of Castile (1204-1217) succeeded his father.
• Constance or Constanza, princess of Castile (?-1243), abbess of Las Huelgas

Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Alfonso VIII of Castile", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki