Wide receiver: Encyclopedia - Wide receiver

Wide receiver

The wide receiver (WR) position in American and Canadian football is the pass-catching specialist. Wide receivers are among the fastest, tallest, and most agile players in the game, and are frequent highlight-reel favorites.

The wide receiver position is among the most famous in American Football, because they are often responsible for the biggest plays made on by the offensive team. However, they do not get all the credit for the plays they make, because at least some credit will almost always go to the quarterback who threw the pass to them. Sometimes fans or sports writers will argue that a receiver only appears to be great when actually most of his success is really due to the quarterback. Other times, the situation is reversed. Fans or sports writers will argue that a quarterback is only successful because he has outstanding receiver(s) who can catch anything thrown in their general direction.

Wide receiver - Game role

First and foremost, the wide receiver's job is to catch passes from his quarterback. On passing plays, the receiver attempts to avoid, outmaneuver, or simply outrun defenders (typically cornerbacks or safeties) in the area of his pass route. If the receiver becomes open, or has an unobstructed path to the destination of a catch, he may then become the quarterback's target. Once a pass is thrown in his direction, the receiver's goal is to first catch the ball and then attempt to run downfield. Dropped passes are common when receivers plan the downfield run prior to catching the ball.

Receivers are particularly important when a team must conserve clock time. In addition to the ability to gain large amounts of yardage at once, receivers can position themselves to run out of bounds and stop the clock.

On running plays, the receiver has two potential roles. Particularly in the case of draw plays, he may run a pass route with the intent of drawing off defenders. Alternately, he may block normally for the running back. Well-rounded receivers are also noted for blocking defensive backs, either downfield once another receiver has made a catch, or on running plays.

Sometimes wide receivers are used to run the ball. This can be effective because they are often faster than running backs and the defense ususally does not expect them to be the ball carrier on running plays. One somewhat common running play for receivers is the end reverse. On this play, a running back takes a handoff or lateral from the quarterback and runs to the right or left as it was a normal running play. But before he crosses the line of scrimmage, he hands the ball off to a wide receiver going in the opposite direction, i.e. reverse of where the running back was going. If the defense was drawn to the side of the field the running back was going too, the receiver can outrun the defense to the other side of the field and make a big gain. Although receivers are rarely used as ball carriers, running the ball with a receiver can be extremely successful. For example, in addition to holding nearly every National Football League receiving record, wide receiver Jerry Rice also rushed the ball 87 times for 645 yards and 10 touchdowns in his 20 NFL seasons.

In some even rarer cases, receivers are used to pass the ball. This most often occurs on the end reverse. To add another component of surprise to the play, the receiver may have option of passing the ball after he takes the handoff, similar to a halfback option play. Although this is one of the rarest things a receiver will ever do, some receivers have proven to be extremely good at it. One example of this is Randy Moss, a National Football League receiver who currently plays for the Oakland Raiders. In addition to being one of the top pass catchers in the NFL, Randy Moss has currently completed 4 out of 8 passes for 106 yards and 2 touchdowns, with 1 interception, in his NFL career.

Wide receivers also serve on special teams as return men on kickoffs and punts or as part of the hands team during onside kicks.

Finally, on bad passes, receivers must frequently play a defensive role by attempting to prevent an interception. And if there is an interception, receivers must use their speed to chase down and tackle the ball carrier to prevent him from returning the ball for a long gain or a touchdown.

Wide receiver - History

Wide receiver - The forward pass

The roots of the wide receiver are found in President Teddy Roosevelt's 1905 threat to ban the game of football due to the predominance of fatal injuries (18 in 1905, roughly 360 per year if expanded to present-day participation levels). [1] In 1906, as part of an effort to open up the playing field and avoid rugby-style scrums, the forward pass was legalized. Formations, however, remained relatively compact and players apart from the running backs were rarely able to escape defenders long enough to catch a ball.

Wide receiver - Formation evolution

Around 1920, Knute Rockne, coach of Notre Dame, introduced the Notre Dame Box formation. Rather than keeping all seven linemen shoulder-to-shoulder, the formation "flexed" the ends a yard or two away from the central five men. In addition to giving better blocking angles for inside runs, the position of the flex ends allowed them to more easily separate from the mass of defenders, an important requirement of the wide receiver to this day. With the introduction of a more angular ball in 1933, passing become more effective. New formations like the Single Wing moved Rockne's flex ends away from the line entirely to the current position of the wide receiver. The receiver on the line of scrimmage still retains the formal name of split end; conversely, ends adjacent to the five-man line adopted the still-current term tight end.

Wide receiver - Specific terminology

While the general fanbase, and most commentators, use the generic term wide receiver for all such players, specific names exist for most receiver positions:

• Split end: A receiver on the line of scrimmage, necessary to meet the rule requiring seven such players at snap. Where applicable, this receiver is on the opposite side of the tight end. The split end is farthest from center on his side of the field.
• Flanker: A receiver lining up behind the line of scrimmage. Frequently the team's featured receiver, the flanker uses the initial buffer between himself and a defender to avoid jamming, legal contact within five yards of the line of scrimmage. The flanker is generally on the same side of the formation as a tight end. As with the split end, this receiver is the farthest player from center on his side of the field.
• Slot receiver: A less-formal name given to receivers in addition to split ends and flankers. These receivers line up between the split end / flanker and the linemen. If aligned with a flanker, the slot receiver is usually on the line of scrimmage, and if with a split end, off the line of scrimmage. As with the flanker position, a featured receiver often takes a slot position with a split end to avoid jamming.

Wide receiver - Notable wide receivers

Wide receiver - Retired

• Cris Carter
• Mark Clayton
• Art Monk
• Jerry Rice
• Lynn Swann

Wide receiver - Active

• Marvin Harrison
• Chad Johnson
• Randy Moss
• Terrell Owens
• Hines Ward
• Rod Smith
• Steve Smith
• Javon Walker

Note that many more wide receivers can be found at Category:American football wide receivers

Category: American football positions

Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Wide receiver", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki