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Western Roman Empire - Origins of the theological Great East-West Schism | | Western Roman Empire - Origins of the theological Great East-West Schism: Encyclopedia II - Western Roman Empire - Origins of the theological Great East-West Schism | | Main article: East-West Schism
At the beginning of Christianity the status and the office of the Bishop of Rome (who would latter become the Pope) was quite unclear. One has to realize that a nascent "underground" and sometimes prosecuted faith simply couldn´t be governed from a single central point, largely due to the deficient communications and slow transports available at that time. Local religious autonomy was the obvious result. Indeed, many of the great christian theological Questions: divergent testaments, dubious tran ...
See also:Western Roman Empire, Western Roman Empire - Early cultural Differences and Divisions between East and West, Western Roman Empire - Two military Danger Zones Rebellions Uprisings and political consequences, Western Roman Empire - Economic stagnation in the West, Western Roman Empire - Crisis of the 3rd Century, Western Roman Empire - The Tetrarchies and the Constantine Dynasty, Western Roman Empire - Constantine the Great, Western Roman Empire - Origins of the theological Great East-West Schism, Western Roman Empire - Reunification Eastern focus and re-division, Western Roman Empire - Final division, Western Roman Empire - Economic factors, Western Roman Empire - Fall of Rome, Western Roman Empire - Byzantine reconquest, Western Roman Empire - The legacy and the final conquest of Rome, Western Roman Empire - List of western Roman emperors | | | Western Roman Empire, Western Roman Empire - Byzantine reconquest, Western Roman Empire - Constantine the Great, Western Roman Empire - Crisis of the 3rd Century, Western Roman Empire - Early cultural Differences and Divisions between East and West, Western Roman Empire - Economic factors, Western Roman Empire - Economic stagnation in the West, Western Roman Empire - Fall of Rome, Western Roman Empire - Final division, Western Roman Empire - List of western Roman emperors, Western Roman Empire - Origins of the theological Great East-West Schism, Western Roman Empire - Reunification Eastern focus and re-division, Western Roman Empire - The Tetrarchies and the Constantine Dynasty, Western Roman Empire - The legacy and the final conquest of Rome, Western Roman Empire - Two military Danger Zones Rebellions Uprisings and political consequences, Julio-Claudian dynasty, Four Emperors 68 to 69, Flavian dynasty, Five Good Emperors, Severan Dynasty | | |
| | | Western Roman Empire: Encyclopedia II - Western Roman Empire - Origins of the theological Great East-West Schism
Western Roman Empire - Origins of the theological Great East-West Schism
Main article: East-West Schism
At the beginning of Christianity the status and the office of the Bishop of Rome (who would latter become the Pope) was quite unclear. One has to realize that a nascent "underground" and sometimes prosecuted faith simply couldn´t be governed from a single central point, largely due to the deficient communications and slow transports available at that time. Local religious autonomy was the obvious result. Indeed, many of the great christian theological Questions: divergent testaments, dubious translations and different interpretations (latter-termed heresies) had origin and developed in these initial 300 years. The Christian faith was loosely guided by the patriarchs of the Pentarchy who were "more-or-less" considered a council of equals.
Only as Constantine the Great legalized the Christian faith, began a process of clarification, reorganization and unification. Beginning with the First Ecumenical Council of Nicea in 325 AD, were several theological questions clarified and a unity slowly enforced.
The Bishops of Rome began very slowly to impose their own authority over the whole church as primus inter pares - first among equals in their perceived quality of theological successors of St. Peter, the founding stone of the church. This gradual development was largely successful in the west, but was naturally resisted by the other patriarchs, who didn´t fancied to be ruled by a former equal. First amongst them, the Patriarchs of Constantinople, who were logically supported by the Eastern Roman Emperors.
This conflict very slowly escalated and resulted in the Great Schism, a separation between the Catholic Church (catholic meaning universal) and the Orthodox Church (orthodox meaning true) whose exact dating is much debated but normally dated at 1054 AD, as Pope Leo IX and Patriarch Michael I excommunicated each other.
This gradual theological division would also only deepen the cultural division between the East and the West and would be, much later, reinforced by the Crusaders, who were envious of the Byzantine wealth and felt themselves betrayed by the surrender of Nicaea solely to the Byzantine Emperor, who even had friendly diplomatic relations with Arab-conquered Egypt. The Crusaders simply couldn´t understand why the Byzantines fought the "infidels" - turks and arabs - without the customary violence and began to see them as all-too lax defenders of the Christian faith. All this would culminate in the Fourth Crusade in which the city of Constantinople was sacked, the Byzantine Empire partially conquered and a Latin Empire was founded. Upon arrival of these nefarious news the Pope reacted with horror, for this act had not been planned or sanctioned by him and in fact only reinforced the "true" enemy.
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 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Origins of the theological Great East-West Schism", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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