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The Holocaust - Death toll | | The Holocaust - Death toll: Encyclopedia II - The Holocaust - Death toll | | The exact number of people killed by the Nazi regime will never be known, but scholars, using a variety of methods of determining the death toll, have generally agreed upon common range of the number of victims. Recently declassified British and Soviet documents have indicated the total may be somewhat higher than previously believed[15]. However, the following estimates are considered to be highly reliable. The estimates:
5.1–6.0 million Jews, ...
See also:The Holocaust, The Holocaust - Etymology and usage of the term, The Holocaust - Features of the Nazi Holocaust, The Holocaust - Premeditation, The Holocaust - Efficiency, The Holocaust - Scale, The Holocaust - Cruelty, The Holocaust - Victims, The Holocaust - Jews, The Holocaust - Slavs, The Holocaust - Roma Sinti and Manush 'Gypsies', The Holocaust - Gay men, The Holocaust - Jehovah's Witnesses, The Holocaust - Disabled people, The Holocaust - Others, The Holocaust - Death toll, The Holocaust - Searching for records of victims, The Holocaust - Execution of the Holocaust, The Holocaust - Concentration and Labor Camps 1933-1945, The Holocaust - Pogroms 1938-1941, The Holocaust - Euthanasia 1939-1941, The Holocaust - Ghettos 1940-1945, The Holocaust - Death squads 1941-1943, The Holocaust - Extermination camps 1942-1945, The Holocaust - Death marches and liberation 1944-1945, The Holocaust - Resistance and rescuers, The Holocaust - Resistance, The Holocaust - Rescuers, The Holocaust - Perpetrators and collaborators, The Holocaust - Who was directly involved in the killings?, The Holocaust - Who authorized the killings?, The Holocaust - Who knew about the killings?, The Holocaust - Historical interpretations, The Holocaust - Why did people participate in authorize or tacitly accept the killing?, The Holocaust - Revisionists and deniers, The Holocaust - Aftermath, The Holocaust - Displaced Persons and the State of Israel, The Holocaust - Legal proceedings against Nazis, The Holocaust - Legal action against genocide, The Holocaust - Impact on culture, The Holocaust - Holocaust theology, The Holocaust - Art and literature, The Holocaust - Holocaust Memorial Days, The Holocaust - Notes, The Holocaust - Nazi plans related to the Holocaust, The Holocaust - Eugenics, The Holocaust - Individuals and the Holocaust, The Holocaust - Nazi concentration camps, The Holocaust - Ghettos, The Holocaust - Massacres and pogroms, The Holocaust - Jewish resistance | | | The Holocaust, The Holocaust - Aftermath, The Holocaust - Art and literature, The Holocaust - Concentration and Labor Camps 1933-1945, The Holocaust - Cruelty, The Holocaust - Death marches and liberation 1944-1945, The Holocaust - Death squads 1941-1943, The Holocaust - Death toll, The Holocaust - Disabled people, The Holocaust - Displaced Persons and the State of Israel, The Holocaust - Efficiency, The Holocaust - Etymology and usage of the term, The Holocaust - Eugenics, The Holocaust - Euthanasia 1939-1941, The Holocaust - Execution of the Holocaust, The Holocaust - Extermination camps 1942-1945, The Holocaust - Features of the Nazi Holocaust, The Holocaust - Gay men, The Holocaust - Ghettos, The Holocaust - Ghettos 1940-1945, The Holocaust - Historical interpretations, The Holocaust - Holocaust Memorial Days, The Holocaust - Holocaust theology, The Holocaust - Impact on culture, The Holocaust - Individuals and the Holocaust, The Holocaust - Jehovah's Witnesses, The Holocaust - Jewish resistance, The Holocaust - Jews, The Holocaust - Legal action against genocide, The Holocaust - Legal proceedings against Nazis, The Holocaust - Massacres and pogroms, The Holocaust - Nazi concentration camps, The Holocaust - Nazi plans related to the Holocaust, The Holocaust - Notes, The Holocaust - Others, The Holocaust - Perpetrators and collaborators, The Holocaust - Pogroms 1938-1941, The Holocaust - Premeditation, The Holocaust - Rescuers, The Holocaust - Resistance, The Holocaust - Resistance and rescuers, The Holocaust - Revisionists and deniers, The Holocaust - Roma Sinti and Manush 'Gypsies', The Holocaust - Scale, The Holocaust - Searching for records of victims, The Holocaust - Slavs, The Holocaust - Victims, The Holocaust - Who authorized the killings?, The Holocaust - Who knew about the killings?, The Holocaust - Who was directly involved in the killings?, The Holocaust - Why did people participate in authorize or tacitly accept the killing?, Anti-Semitism, Bereavement in Judaism, Genocide, Historikerstreit, Death marches, Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Phases of the Holocaust, Jews outside Europe under Nazi occupation, History of gays in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust, History of the Roma and Sinti during the Holocaust, Holocaust memorials, Involvement of Croatian Catholic clergy with the Ustaša regime, Henneicke Colonne (involvement of the Dutch population in the Holocaust), Sh'erit ha-Pletah (Jewish Holocaust survivors), Wiedergutmachung (reparations to individual survivors) | | |
| | | The Holocaust: Encyclopedia II - The Holocaust - Death toll
The Holocaust - Death toll
The exact number of people killed by the Nazi regime will never be known, but scholars, using a variety of methods of determining the death toll, have generally agreed upon common range of the number of victims. Recently declassified British and Soviet documents have indicated the total may be somewhat higher than previously believed[15]. However, the following estimates are considered to be highly reliable. The estimates:
- 5.1–6.0 million Jews, including 3.0–3.5 million Polish Jews[16]
- 1.8 –1.9 million Gentile Poles (includes all those killed in executions or those that died in prisons, labor, and concentration camps, as well as civilians killed in the 1939 invasion and the 1944 Warsaw Uprising)[17]
- 200,000–800,000 Roma & Sinti
- 200,000–300,000 people with disabilities
- 10,000–25,000 homosexual men
- 2,000 Jehovah's Witnesses
Raul Hilberg, in the third edition of his ground-breaking three-volume work, The Destruction of the European Jews, estimates that 5.1 million Jews died during the Holocaust. This figure includes "over 800,000" who died from "Ghettoization and general privation;" 1,400,000 who were killed in "Open-air shootings;" and "up to 2,900,000" who perished in camps. Hilberg estimates the death toll in Poland at "up to 3,000,000."[18] } Hilberg's numbers are generally considered to be a conservative estimate, as they generally include only those deaths for which some records are available, avoiding statistical adjustment.[19] British historian Martin Gilbert used a similar approach in his Atlas of the Holocaust, but arrived at a number of 5.75 million Jewish victims, since he estimated higher numbers of Jews killed in Russia and other locations.[20]
Lucy Davidowicz used prewar census figures to estimate that 5.934 million Jews died. Using official census counts may cause an underestimate since many births and deaths were not recorded in small towns and villages. Another reason some consider her estimate too low is that many records were destroyed during the war. Her listing of deaths by country is available in the article about her book, The War Against the Jews.[21]
One of the most authoritative German scholars of the Holocaust, Prof. Wolfgang Benz of the Technical University of Berlin, cites between 5.3 and 6.2 million Jews killed in Dimension des Volksmords (1991), while Yisrael Gutman and Robert Rozett estimate between 5.59 and 5.86 million Jewish victims in their Encyclopedia of the Holocaust (1990).[22]
The following groups of people were also killed by the Nazi regime, but there is little evidence that the Nazis planned to systematically target them for genocide as was the case for the groups above.
- 3.5–6 million other Slavic civilians
- 2.5–4 million Soviet POWs
- 1–1.5 million political dissidents
Additionally, the Nazis' allies, the Ustaša regime in Croatia conducted its own campaign of mass extermination against the Serbs in the areas which it controlled, resulting in the deaths of at least 330,000–390,000 Serbs.
The summary of various sources' estimates on the number of Nazi regime victims is given in Matthew White's online atlas of 20th century history.
The Holocaust - Searching for records of victims
Initially after World War II, there were millions of members of families broken up by the war or the Holocaust searching for some record of the fate and/or whereabouts of their missing friends and relatives. These efforts became much less intense as the years went by. More recently, however, there has a been a resurgence of interest by descendants of Holocaust survivors in researching the fates of their lost relatives. Yad Vashem provides a searchable database of three million names, about half of the known direct Jewish victims. Yad Vashem's Central Database of Shoah Victims Names is searchable over the Internet at yadvashem.org or in person at the Yad Vashem complex in Israel.
Other databases and lists of victims' names, some searchable over the Web, are listed in Holocaust (resources).
Other related archives15 November, 1918, 1933, 1936, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1993 in Yugoslavia, 2005, 7, 500 Danish Jews, AB Action, Adolf Eichmann, Adolf Hitler, Africans, Aktion Reinhard, Alfred Hoche, Alfred Ploetz, Allies, American Historical Association, Andreas Hillgruber, Anne Frank, Anti-Semitism, Antonescu, April 1, April 7, Arajs Commando, Armia Krajowa, Arno J. 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Generalplan Ost, Genocide, Gentile, Germany, Ghetto Uprisings, Giorgio Perlasca, Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Greece, Greek, Götz Aly, Haganah, Hannah Szenes, Hans Frank, Hans Mommsen, Hebrew, Heil Hitler, Heinrich Himmler, Henneicke Colonne, Henneicke Column, Historical revisionism, Historikerstreit, History of Gays during the Holocaust, History of gays in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust, History of the Roma and Sinti during the Holocaust, Ho Fengshan, Holocaust (resources), Holocaust Memorial Day in the United Kingdom, Holocaust denial, Holocaust memorials, Holocaust theology, Horthy, Hungarian, IBM, Ian Kershaw, Iasi, Iasi pogrom, Iaşi pogrom, Involvement of Croatian Catholic clergy with the Ustaša regime, Iranian, Islamic fundamentalists, Israel, Italian Social Republic, Italy, Jan Karski, January 20, January 27, Japan, Jasenovac concentration camp, Jedwabne Pogrom, Jedwabne pogrom, Jehovah's Witnesses, Jehovah's Witnesses and the Holocaust, Jews, Jews outside Europe under Nazi occupation, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Josef Mengele, Joseph Goebbels, Judenrat, Julius Streicher, July 19, July 22, Kamianets-Podilskyi, Karl Binding, Karl Dietrich Bracher, Kievan, Klaus Hildebrand, Kristallnacht, Latvia, Latvian, Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, Le Chambon-sur-Lignon, Life is Beautiful, List of Nazi concentration camps, List of famous Holocaust survivors, List of famous Holocaust victims, List of people who helped Jews during the Holocaust, Lithuanian, Lublin, Lucy Davidowicz, Lucy Dawidowicz, Lviv, Macedonia, Madagascar, Madagascar Plan, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Majdanek, Maly Trostenets, Marcinkace, Martin Broszat, Martin Gilbert, Marxist, May 12, Mein Kampf, Michael Marrus, Milgram's findings, Minsk, Mogilev, Mussolini, Names of the Holocaust, Nazi, Nazi Germany, Nazi extermination camp, Nazis, Nazism, Netherlands, Nicholas Winton, Ninth Fort, Nisan, North America, Norwegian, November 1, November 11, Novi Sad, Nuremberg Laws, Nuremberg Trials, October 7, Odessa, Odessa Massacre, Operation Barbarossa, Operation Reinhard, Oskar Schindler, Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford University, POWs, Palestine, Palestinian Mandate, Paneriai, Petliura, Phases of the Holocaust, Poland, Poles, Polish, Polish government-in-exile, Polish intelligentsia, Porajmos, Primo Levi, Protestant, Public Opinion Quarterly, Raoul Wallenberg, Raul Hilberg, Red Army, Reichsführer, Reichsgau Wartheland, Reichstag, Reinhard Heydrich, Rhineland Bastard, Richard Overy, Righteous Among the Nations, Roma, Romanian, Rudolf Hoess, Rumbula, Russia, Russian, Russians, SS, Schindler's List, Schutzstaffel, Sebastian Haffner, September 12, Serbs, Sh'erit ha-Pletah, Sinti, Slavs, Slovakia's, Sobibor, Sobibór, Sobibór extermination camp, Sonderkommandos, Soviet, Soviet Union, Stanford prison experiment, Stanley Milgram, Sturmabteilung, Switzerland, Szmul Zygielbojm, T-4 Euthanasia Program, The Destruction of the European Jews, The Holocaust in Art and Literature, The 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 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Death toll", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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