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The Holocaust - Aftermath | | The Holocaust - Aftermath: Encyclopedia II - The Holocaust - Aftermath | |
The Holocaust - Displaced Persons and the State of Israel.
The Holocaust and its aftermath left millions of refugees, including many Jews who had lost most or all of their family members and possessions, and often faced persistent anti-Semitism in their home countries. The original plan of the Allies was to repatriate these "Displaced Persons" to their country of origin, but many refused to return, or were unable to as their homes or communities ha ...
See also:The Holocaust, The Holocaust - Etymology and usage of the term, The Holocaust - Features of the Nazi Holocaust, The Holocaust - Premeditation, The Holocaust - Efficiency, The Holocaust - Scale, The Holocaust - Cruelty, The Holocaust - Victims, The Holocaust - Jews, The Holocaust - Slavs, The Holocaust - Roma Sinti and Manush 'Gypsies', The Holocaust - Gay men, The Holocaust - Jehovah's Witnesses, The Holocaust - Disabled people, The Holocaust - Others, The Holocaust - Death toll, The Holocaust - Searching for records of victims, The Holocaust - Execution of the Holocaust, The Holocaust - Concentration and Labor Camps 1933-1945, The Holocaust - Pogroms 1938-1941, The Holocaust - Euthanasia 1939-1941, The Holocaust - Ghettos 1940-1945, The Holocaust - Death squads 1941-1943, The Holocaust - Extermination camps 1942-1945, The Holocaust - Death marches and liberation 1944-1945, The Holocaust - Resistance and rescuers, The Holocaust - Resistance, The Holocaust - Rescuers, The Holocaust - Perpetrators and collaborators, The Holocaust - Who was directly involved in the killings?, The Holocaust - Who authorized the killings?, The Holocaust - Who knew about the killings?, The Holocaust - Historical interpretations, The Holocaust - Why did people participate in authorize or tacitly accept the killing?, The Holocaust - Revisionists and deniers, The Holocaust - Aftermath, The Holocaust - Displaced Persons and the State of Israel, The Holocaust - Legal proceedings against Nazis, The Holocaust - Legal action against genocide, The Holocaust - Impact on culture, The Holocaust - Holocaust theology, The Holocaust - Art and literature, The Holocaust - Holocaust Memorial Days, The Holocaust - Notes, The Holocaust - Nazi plans related to the Holocaust, The Holocaust - Eugenics, The Holocaust - Individuals and the Holocaust, The Holocaust - Nazi concentration camps, The Holocaust - Ghettos, The Holocaust - Massacres and pogroms, The Holocaust - Jewish resistance | | | The Holocaust, The Holocaust - Aftermath, The Holocaust - Art and literature, The Holocaust - Concentration and Labor Camps 1933-1945, The Holocaust - Cruelty, The Holocaust - Death marches and liberation 1944-1945, The Holocaust - Death squads 1941-1943, The Holocaust - Death toll, The Holocaust - Disabled people, The Holocaust - Displaced Persons and the State of Israel, The Holocaust - Efficiency, The Holocaust - Etymology and usage of the term, The Holocaust - Eugenics, The Holocaust - Euthanasia 1939-1941, The Holocaust - Execution of the Holocaust, The Holocaust - Extermination camps 1942-1945, The Holocaust - Features of the Nazi Holocaust, The Holocaust - Gay men, The Holocaust - Ghettos, The Holocaust - Ghettos 1940-1945, The Holocaust - Historical interpretations, The Holocaust - Holocaust Memorial Days, The Holocaust - Holocaust theology, The Holocaust - Impact on culture, The Holocaust - Individuals and the Holocaust, The Holocaust - Jehovah's Witnesses, The Holocaust - Jewish resistance, The Holocaust - Jews, The Holocaust - Legal action against genocide, The Holocaust - Legal proceedings against Nazis, The Holocaust - Massacres and pogroms, The Holocaust - Nazi concentration camps, The Holocaust - Nazi plans related to the Holocaust, The Holocaust - Notes, The Holocaust - Others, The Holocaust - Perpetrators and collaborators, The Holocaust - Pogroms 1938-1941, The Holocaust - Premeditation, The Holocaust - Rescuers, The Holocaust - Resistance, The Holocaust - Resistance and rescuers, The Holocaust - Revisionists and deniers, The Holocaust - Roma Sinti and Manush 'Gypsies', The Holocaust - Scale, The Holocaust - Searching for records of victims, The Holocaust - Slavs, The Holocaust - Victims, The Holocaust - Who authorized the killings?, The Holocaust - Who knew about the killings?, The Holocaust - Who was directly involved in the killings?, The Holocaust - Why did people participate in authorize or tacitly accept the killing?, Anti-Semitism, Bereavement in Judaism, Genocide, Historikerstreit, Death marches, Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Phases of the Holocaust, Jews outside Europe under Nazi occupation, History of gays in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust, History of the Roma and Sinti during the Holocaust, Holocaust memorials, Involvement of Croatian Catholic clergy with the Ustaša regime, Henneicke Colonne (involvement of the Dutch population in the Holocaust), Sh'erit ha-Pletah (Jewish Holocaust survivors), Wiedergutmachung (reparations to individual survivors) | | |
| | | The Holocaust: Encyclopedia II - The Holocaust - Aftermath
The Holocaust - Aftermath
Main article: Sh'erit ha-Pletah
The Holocaust - Displaced Persons and the State of Israel
The Holocaust and its aftermath left millions of refugees, including many Jews who had lost most or all of their family members and possessions, and often faced persistent anti-Semitism in their home countries. The original plan of the Allies was to repatriate these "Displaced Persons" to their country of origin, but many refused to return, or were unable to as their homes or communities had been destroyed. As a result, more than 250,000 languished in DP camps for years after the war ended.
While Zionism had been prominent before the Holocaust, afterwards it became almost universally accepted among Jews. Many Zionists, pointing to the fact that Jewish refugees from Germany and Nazi-occupied lands had been turned away by other countries, argued that if a Jewish state had existed at the time, the Holocaust could not have occurred on the scale it did. With the rise of Zionism, Palestine became the destination of choice for Jewish refugees, but local Arabs opposed the immigration, Britain refused to allow Jewish refugees into the Mandate, and many countries in the Soviet Bloc made any emigration illegal. Former Jewish partisans in Europe, along with the Haganah in Palestine, organized a massive effort to smuggle Jews into Palestine, called Berihah, which eventually transported 250,000 Jews (both DPs and those who hid during the war) to the Mandate. By 1952, the Displaced Persons camps were closed, with over 80,000 Jewish DPs in the United States, about 136,000 in Israel, and another 20,000 in other nations, including Canada and South Africa.
The Holocaust - Legal proceedings against Nazis
There were a number of legal efforts established to bring Nazis and their collaborators to justice. Some of the higher ranking Nazi officials were tried as part of the Nuremberg Trials, presided over by an Allied court; the first international tribunal of its kind. In total, 5,025 Nazi criminals were convicted between 1945-1949 in the American, British and French zones of Germany. Other trials were conducted in the countries in which the defendants were citizens -- in West Germany and Austria, many Nazis were let off with light sentences, with the claim of "following orders" ruled a mitigating circumstance, and many returned to society soon afterwards. An ongoing effort to pursue Nazis and collaborators resulted, famously, in the trial of Holocaust organizer Adolf Eichmann in Israel in 1961.
The Holocaust - Legal action against genocide
The Holocaust also galvanized the international community to take action against future genocide, including the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide in 1948. While international human rights law moved forward quickly in the wake of the Holocaust, international criminal law has been slower to advance; after the Nuremberg trials and the Japanese war crime trials it was over forty years until the next such international criminal procedures, in 1993 in Yugoslavia.
Other related archives15 November, 1918, 1933, 1936, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1993 in Yugoslavia, 2005, 7, 500 Danish Jews, AB Action, Adolf Eichmann, Adolf Hitler, Africans, Aktion Reinhard, Alfred Hoche, Alfred Ploetz, Allies, American Historical Association, Andreas Hillgruber, Anne Frank, Anti-Semitism, Antonescu, April 1, April 7, Arajs Commando, Armia Krajowa, Arno J. Mayer, Arrow Cross, Aryan, Aryans, Asian, Auschwitz, Auschwitz concentration camp, Auschwitz-Birkenau, Austria, Axis, Axis Powers, Babi Yar, Balkans, Belarus, Belarusan, Belgium, Belzec, Bereavement in Judaism, Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, Berihah, Bessarabia, Bialystock, Białystok, Białystok Ghetto Uprising, Birkenau, Black, Bogdanovka, Britain, British, Budapest, Bug River, Bukovina, Bulgaria, Catholic, Celmno, Chelmno, Chełmno, Chiune Sugihara, Christopher Browning, Communists, Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, Croatia, Croatian, DP camps, Dachau, Daniel Goldhagen, Danube, Death marches, Death marches (Holocaust), Denmark, Dobri Bozhilov, Dutch, Eastern Europe, Eberhard Jäckel, Einsatzgruppen, Elie Wiesel, Endlösung, Estonia's, Eugenio Calò, Extermination camp, February 22, Final Solution, Final Solution of the Jewish Question, Final Solution of the Jewish question, France, French, Functionalism versus intentionalism, General Government, Generalplan Ost, Genocide, Gentile, Germany, Ghetto Uprisings, Giorgio Perlasca, Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Greece, Greek, Götz Aly, Haganah, Hannah Szenes, Hans Frank, Hans Mommsen, Hebrew, Heil Hitler, Heinrich Himmler, Henneicke Colonne, Henneicke Column, Historical revisionism, Historikerstreit, History of Gays during the Holocaust, History of gays in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust, History of the Roma and Sinti during the Holocaust, Ho Fengshan, Holocaust (resources), Holocaust Memorial Day in the United Kingdom, Holocaust denial, Holocaust memorials, Holocaust theology, Horthy, Hungarian, IBM, Ian Kershaw, Iasi, Iasi pogrom, Iaşi pogrom, Involvement of Croatian Catholic clergy with the Ustaša regime, Iranian, Islamic fundamentalists, Israel, Italian Social Republic, Italy, Jan Karski, January 20, January 27, Japan, Jasenovac concentration camp, Jedwabne Pogrom, Jedwabne pogrom, Jehovah's Witnesses, Jehovah's Witnesses and the Holocaust, Jews, Jews outside Europe under Nazi occupation, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Josef Mengele, Joseph Goebbels, Judenrat, Julius Streicher, July 19, July 22, Kamianets-Podilskyi, Karl Binding, Karl Dietrich Bracher, Kievan, Klaus Hildebrand, Kristallnacht, Latvia, Latvian, Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, Le Chambon-sur-Lignon, Life is Beautiful, List of Nazi concentration camps, List of famous Holocaust survivors, List of famous Holocaust victims, List of people who helped Jews during the Holocaust, Lithuanian, Lublin, Lucy Davidowicz, Lucy Dawidowicz, Lviv, Macedonia, Madagascar, Madagascar Plan, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Majdanek, Maly Trostenets, Marcinkace, Martin Broszat, Martin Gilbert, Marxist, May 12, Mein Kampf, Michael Marrus, Milgram's findings, Minsk, Mogilev, Mussolini, Names of the Holocaust, Nazi, Nazi Germany, Nazi extermination camp, Nazis, Nazism, Netherlands, Nicholas Winton, Ninth Fort, Nisan, North America, Norwegian, November 1, November 11, Novi Sad, Nuremberg Laws, Nuremberg Trials, October 7, Odessa, Odessa Massacre, Operation Barbarossa, Operation Reinhard, Oskar Schindler, Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford University, POWs, Palestine, Palestinian Mandate, Paneriai, Petliura, Phases of the Holocaust, Poland, Poles, Polish, Polish government-in-exile, Polish intelligentsia, Porajmos, Primo Levi, Protestant, Public Opinion Quarterly, Raoul Wallenberg, Raul Hilberg, Red Army, Reichsführer, Reichsgau Wartheland, Reichstag, Reinhard Heydrich, Rhineland Bastard, Richard Overy, Righteous Among the Nations, Roma, Romanian, Rudolf Hoess, Rumbula, Russia, Russian, Russians, SS, Schindler's List, Schutzstaffel, Sebastian Haffner, September 12, Serbs, Sh'erit ha-Pletah, Sinti, Slavs, Slovakia's, Sobibor, Sobibór, Sobibór extermination camp, Sonderkommandos, Soviet, Soviet Union, Stanford prison experiment, Stanley Milgram, Sturmabteilung, Switzerland, Szmul Zygielbojm, T-4 Euthanasia Program, The Destruction of the European Jews, The Holocaust in Art and Literature, The Netherlands, The War Against the Jews, Theodor Adorno, Timothy Mason, Tiso, Totenkopfverbände, Transcarpathian Ukraine, Transnistria, Treblinka, Treblinka II, Treblinka extermination camp, US Holocaust Museum, Ukraine, Ukrainian, Ukranian, United Nations, United States, Untermenschen, Ustaša, Ustaše, Vichy French, Waffen SS, Wannsee conference, Warsaw, Warsaw Ghetto, Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, Warsaw Uprising, Warsaw ghetto, Wehrmacht, Wiedergutmachung, Witold Pilecki, World War II, Yad Vashem, Yehuda Bauer, Yom HaShoah, Yom Hashoah, Yugoslavian, ZOB, Zagreb, Zegota, Zionism, Zionist, Zionists, accession to power, against the general population, anti-Semitism, apostates, asylums, blockade, collaborators, communists, compulsory euthanasia, compulsory sterilization, concentration camps, crematoria, criminals, deformed, disabled, dissidents, dynamite, eugenics, extermination camps, gas chambers, genocide, genocides in history, ghettos, gypsies, handicapped, history, holokauston, homophobia, homosexual, homosexuals, institutions devoted to memorializing and studying the Holocaust, intelligentsia, invasion of Poland, killing squads, mass murders, medical experiments, mental illness, mentally ill, obeyed, persecuted, persecution, pogrom, pogroms, prisoners of war, propaganda, psychiatric, psychiatrist, pursue Nazis and collaborators, racial hygiene, reasonable people, six million, speech, sterilized against their will, subject of the state, suicide, synagogues, theologically, trade unionists, typhoid, Łódź Ghetto, Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Aftermath", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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