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Tetrapod - Limbs | | Tetrapod - Limbs: Encyclopedia II - Tetrapod - Limbs | | The humerus was the largest bone of the arm, its head articulating with the glenoid cavity of the pectoral girdle, distally with the radius and ulna. The radius resided on the inner side of the forearm and rested directly under the humerus, supporting much of the weight, while the ulna was located to the outside of the humerus. The ulna had a head, which muscles pulled on to extend the limb, called the olecranon that exten ...
See also:Tetrapod, Tetrapod - Devonian Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Carboniferous Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Permian Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Classification of Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Anatomical features of early tetrapods, Tetrapod - Classification, Tetrapod - Skull, Tetrapod - Dentition, Tetrapod - Sensory Organs, Tetrapod - Hearing, Tetrapod - Girdles, Tetrapod - Limbs, Tetrapod - Feeding, Tetrapod - Respiration, Tetrapod - Locomotion | | | Tetrapod, Tetrapod - Anatomical features of early tetrapods, Tetrapod - Carboniferous Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Classification, Tetrapod - Classification of Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Dentition, Tetrapod - Devonian Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Feeding, Tetrapod - Girdles, Tetrapod - Hearing, Tetrapod - Limbs, Tetrapod - Locomotion, Tetrapod - Permian Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Respiration, Tetrapod - Sensory Organs, Tetrapod - Skull, Geologic timescale, Jennifer A. Clack, a paleontologist specializing in early tetrapods., Prehistoric life, Body form | | |
| | | Tetrapod: Encyclopedia II - Tetrapod - Limbs
Tetrapod - Limbs
The humerus was the largest bone of the arm, its head articulating with the glenoid cavity of the pectoral girdle, distally with the radius and ulna. The radius resided on the inner side of the forearm and rested directly under the humerus, supporting much of the weight, while the ulna was located to the outside of the humerus. The ulna had a head, which muscles pulled on to extend the limb, called the olecranon that extended above the edge of the humerus.
The radius and the ulna articulated with the carpus which was a proximal row of three elements: the radiale underlying the radius, the ulnare underneath the ulna and an intermedium between the two. A large central element was beneath the last and may have articulated with the radius. There were also three smaller centralia lying to the radial side. Opposite the head of each toe lay a series of five distal carpals. Each digit had a first segment, the metacarpal, lying in the palm region.
The pelvic limb bones were essentially the same as in the pectoral limb, but with different names. The analogue to the humerus was the femur which was longer and slimmer. The two lower arm bones corresponded to the tibia and fibula of the hind leg, the former being the innermost and the latter the outermost bones. The tarsus is the hind version of the carpus and its bones correspond as well.
Other related archives1990s, Acanthostega, Acanthostegidae, Amniota, Amphibia, Amphibians, Anapsida, Anthracosauria, Asia, Australia, Aves (Birds), Baphetidae, Batrachomorpha, Body form, Carboniferous, Chinese, Chordates, Devonian, Diapsida, Ears, Eryops, Europe, Fossils, Geologic timescale, Gondwanan, Greek, Greenland, Ichthyostegidae, Jennifer A. Clack, Labyrinthodonts, Lepospondyli, Mammalia, Mississippian, Ningxia Hui, North America, Palaeozoic, Pennsylvanian, Permian, Prehistoric life, Reptilia, Reptiliomorpha, Romer's Gap, Sarcopterygian, Sarcopterygii, Sauropsida, Synapsida, Temnospondyli, Triassic, Visean, alligator, amphibian, amphibians, analogue, animal, anthracosaurs, apparatus, aquatic, articulation, atmospheric, axolotl, backbone, baphetids, birds, body form, bones, brain, breathe, buoyancy, caecilians, carpals, carpus, cartilage, centrum, chemoreceptors, clavicle, coelacanth, crocodile, crocodiles, crown group, density, dentary, dentine, dentition, detritus, digit, dinosaurs, distal, dolphins, ear, ecosystems, elbow, enamel, environment, epithelium, evolution, evolved, eyeball, eyelids, feet, femur, fibula, fin, fishes, focal length, food, food webs, fossil, frequencies, freshwater, frog, frogs, genera, gill, gills, girdle, gravity, habitat, habitats, hands, humerus, hyoid, ichthyosaurs, impedance, inertia, invertebrates, jaw, knee, labyrinthodonts, lacrimal bone, lakes, lateral line, legs, lens, lifestyle, ligaments, light, limbs, lineages, liquid, lizards, locomotion, lung, lungs, mammals, matrix, maxilla, membrane, metacarpal, middle ear, mouth, mud, muscle, newts and salamanders, odors, olecranon, olfactory, orbital vacuities, order, organ, oxygen, paddles, palaeontologist, palatal, parietal bone, parietals, pectoral, pelvic, phalanges, phylogenetic, plants, predatory, premaxilla, pressure, prey, proximal, pubis, pulsations, quadruped, radius, red beds, refractive index, reptiles, respiration, rib cage, ribs, right angle, rocks, salamanders, sandstone, skin, skull, skulls, smells, snakes, sound, species, splenials, stapes, strength, supercontinent, swampy, swim bladder, tail, tarsus, tear ducts, teeth, temnospondyls, terrestrial, tibia, tissue, toads, toe, tongue, tooth, turtles, tympanum, ulna, vertebral, vertebral column, vertebrate, vertebrates, vibrations, water, wetland, whales
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Limbs", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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