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Swastika - Etymology and alternative names | | Swastika - Etymology and alternative names: Encyclopedia II - Swastika - Etymology and alternative names | | | The word swastika is derived from the Sanskrit svastika (in Devanagari, स्वस्तिक), meaning any lucky or auspicious object, and in particular a mark made on persons and things to denote good luck. It is composed of su- (cognate with Greek ευ-), meaning "good, well" and asti a verbal abstract to the root as "to be"; See also: Swastika, Swastika - Overview, Swastika - Etymology and alternative names, Swastika - History, Swastika - Adoption of the swastika in the West, Swastika - Geometry and symbolism, Swastika - Sauwastika, Swastika - Art and architecture, Swastika - Religion and mythology, Swastika - Hinduism, Swastika - Buddhism, Swastika - Jainism, Swastika - The Abrahamic religions, Swastika - Other Asian traditions, Swastika - Native American traditions, Swastika - Pre-Christian European traditions, Swastika - Early 20th century, Swastika - Britain, Swastika - North America, Swastika - Russia, Swastika - Poland, Swastika - Finland, Swastika - Sweden, Swastika - Latvia, Swastika - Icelandic, Swastika - Ireland, Swastika - Nazi Germany, Swastika - Taboo in Western countries, Swastika - Popular culture and media, Swastika - Notes | | | Swastika, Swastika - Adoption of the swastika in the West, Swastika - Art and architecture, Swastika - Britain, Swastika - Buddhism, Swastika - Early 20th century, Swastika - Etymology and alternative names, Swastika - Finland, Swastika - Geometry and symbolism, Swastika - Hinduism, Swastika - History, Swastika - Icelandic, Swastika - Ireland, Swastika - Jainism, Swastika - Latvia, Swastika - Native American traditions, Swastika - Nazi Germany, Swastika - North America, Swastika - Notes, Swastika - Other Asian traditions, Swastika - Overview, Swastika - Poland, Swastika - Popular culture and media, Swastika - Pre-Christian European traditions, Swastika - Religion and mythology, Swastika - Russia, Swastika - Sauwastika, Swastika - Sweden, Swastika - Taboo in Western countries, Swastika - The Abrahamic religions, Brigid's cross, Celtic cross, Fylfot, Lauburu or Basque cross, Union of Poles in Germany, Sauwastika, Sun cross, a traditional symbol also co-opted by many modern neo-Nazis, Triskelion, including the three-legged badge of the Isle of Man, Wolfsangel | | |
| | | Swastika: Encyclopedia II - Swastika - Etymology and alternative names
Swastika - Etymology and alternative names
The word swastika is derived from the Sanskrit svastika (in Devanagari, स्वस्तिक), meaning any lucky or auspicious object, and in particular a mark made on persons and things to denote good luck. It is composed of su- (cognate with Greek ευ-), meaning "good, well" and asti a verbal abstract to the root as "to be"; svasti thus means "well-being". The suffix -ka forms a diminutive, and svastika might thus be translated literally as "little thing associated with well-being", corresponding roughly to "lucky charm", or "thing that is auspicious".[3] The suffix -tika also literally means mark; therefore a sometimes alternate name for swastika in India is shubhtika (literally good mark). The word first appears in the Classical Sanskrit (in the Ramayana and Mahabharata epics).
Alternative historical English spellings of the Sanskrit word include suastika and svastica. Alternative names for the shape are:
- Black Spider, to various peoples in middle and western Europe.
- crooked cross
- cross cramponned, ~nnée, or ~nny (in heraldry), as each arm resembles a crampon or angle-iron. (Compare Winkelmaßkreuz in German.)
- cross gammadion, tetragammadion or just gammadion, as each arm resembles the Greek letter Γ (gamma). (Compare croiz gammée in Old French and croix gammée in French; cruz gamada in Spanish.)
- fylfot (meaning "four feet", chiefly in heraldry and architecture). (See Fylfot for a discussion of the etymology.)
- hooked cross, (Dutch: hakenkruis,Serbian: kukasti krst, Icelandic: Hakakross German: Hakenkreuz, Finnish: hakaristi, Norwegian: Hakekors Italian: croce uncinata Romanian: Cruce încârligată and Swedish: Hakkors, Danish: Hagekors, Hungarian: horogkereszt)
- sun wheel (German Sonnenrad), a name also used as a synonym for the sun cross.
- tetraskelion, Greek "four legged", especially when composed of four conjoined legs (compare triskelion).
- Thor's hammer, from its supposed association with Thor, the Norse god of thunder, but this may be a misappropriation of a name that properly belongs to a Y-shaped or T-shaped symbol. (See Thomas Wilson, below.) - The Swastika shape appears in Icelandic grimoires where in it is named Þórshamar
- thunder cross (Latvian: perkonkrusts)
- twisted cross
- cross surprise or highlander cross (Polish : krzyzyk niespodziany lub/oraz goralski krzyz)
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 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Etymology and alternative names", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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