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Speed of light - Communications | | Speed of light - Communications: Encyclopedia II - Speed of light - Communications | | The speed of light is of relevance to communications. For example, given that the equatorial circumference of the Earth is 40,075 km and c, the theoretical shortest amount of time for a piece of information to travel half the globe is 0.067 second.
The actual transit time is longer, in part because the speed of light is slower by about 30% in an optical fibre and straight lines rarely occur in global communications situations, but also because delays are created when the signal passes thro ...
See also:Speed of light, Speed of light - Overview, Speed of light - Communications, Speed of light - Physics, Speed of light - Constant velocity from all reference frames, Speed of light - Interaction with transparent materials, Speed of light - Faster-than-light observations and experiments, Speed of light - Light-slowing experiments, Speed of light - History, Speed of light - Medieval and early modern theories, Speed of light - Measurement of the speed of light, Speed of light - Relativity | | | Speed of light, Speed of light - Communications, Speed of light - Constant velocity from all reference frames, Speed of light - Faster-than-light observations and experiments, Speed of light - History, Speed of light - Interaction with transparent materials, Speed of light - Light-slowing experiments, Speed of light - Measurement of the speed of light, Speed of light - Medieval and early modern theories, Speed of light - Overview, Speed of light - Physics, Speed of light - Relativity, Fizeau-Foucault apparatus, variable speed of light | | |
| | | Speed of light: Encyclopedia II - Speed of light - Communications
Speed of light - Communications
The speed of light is of relevance to communications. For example, given that the equatorial circumference of the Earth is 40,075 km and c, the theoretical shortest amount of time for a piece of information to travel half the globe is 0.067 second.
The actual transit time is longer, in part because the speed of light is slower by about 30% in an optical fibre and straight lines rarely occur in global communications situations, but also because delays are created when the signal passes through an electronic switch or signal regenerator. A typical time as of 2004 for an Australia or Japan to US computer-to-computer ping is 0.18 second. The speed of light additionally affects wireless communications design.
The finite speed of light became quite apparent to everybody following the communication of Houston ground control and Neil Armstrong when he became the first man to set foot on the Moon: For every question, Houston had to wait nearly 3 seconds for the answer to arrive, and would have to do so even if the astronauts replied immediately. (See animation.)
Similarly, instantaneous remote control of an interplanetary spacecraft is impossible, in the sense that the time it takes, for example, for the earth-based controllers to become aware of a problem, plus the time it takes for the spacecraft to receive their response, can be some hours.
The speed of light can also be of concern on short distances. In supercomputers, the speed of light imposes a limit on how quickly data can be sent between processors. If a processor operates at 1 GHz, a signal can only travel a maximum of 300 mm in a single cycle. Processors must therefore be placed close to each other to minimise communication latencies. If clock frequencies continue to increase, the speed of light will eventually become a limiting factor for the internal design of single chips.
Other related archives14th century, 1676, 1728, 1849, 1862, 1872, 1887, 1900, 1926, 1983, 1999, 19th century, 2001, 2003, 299, 792, 458, 9.46 × 1012, Albert A. Michelson, Albert Einstein, Albert Michelson, Alhazen, Aristotle, Aryan, Astronomical, Australia, Avicenna, Bose-Einstein condensate, California, Cherenkov radiation, Christiaan Huygens, EPR paradox, Earth, Edward Morley, Einstein, Empedocles, Ernst Mach, Fitzgerald-Lorentz contraction, Fizeau-Foucault apparatus, Francis Bacon, Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve, GHz, Galileo, Galileo Galilei, Harvard University, Heron of Alexandria, Hippolyte Fizeau, Houston, Io, Isaac Beeckman, Isaac Newton, Islamic, James Bradley, James Clerk Maxwell, Japan, Jean-Dominique Cassini, Johannes Kepler, John Moffat, João Magueijo, Jupiter, Latin, Lebedev Institute, Lene Hau, Leon Foucault, Lorentz transforms, Marie Alfred Cornu, Maxwell's equations, Michelson-Morley experiment, Moon, Moscow, Mount San Antonio, Mount Wilson, Neil Armstrong, Ole Rømer, Opticks, René Descartes, Rig Veda, Robert Hooke, SI, Sayana, See animation, Simon Newcomb, Sun, US, aberration of light, action at a distance, air, angle, as of 2004, astronomical unit, beam, became the first man, blue shifted, c, caesium, cannon, causality, celeritas, centimetres, chips, communications, conductor, cosmological, dispersion, electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetism, electrons, entangled, equivalence of inertial frames, evanescent waves, faster than light, faster-than-light, foot, front velocity, general relativity, glass, gravity, ground control, group velocity, h, half-silvered mirror, hours, infinite, inflation, information, insulating, interfere, interference, interferometer, interpretations of quantum mechanics, interval, intervals, jets, kilometres per hour, km, lantern, laser, light, light cone, light years, luminiferous aether, lunar eclipse, metre, metres per second, miles, miles per hour, mirror, mirrors, monochromatic, motions, nanosecond, no-cloning theorem, null result, optical density, optical fibre, particle physicists, permeability, permittivity, phase velocity, philosophers, photons, physical constant, physical theory, ping, polarised, principle of relativity, processors, projection, quantum, quantum states, quasars, radio galaxies, real number, red shifted, reference frame, reference frames, refraction, refractive index, relativistic Doppler effect, revolution, right angles, rubidium, science fiction, seconds, shock waves, simultaneity, sonic boom, space-like, special relativity, speed, speed limit, spin, supercomputers, superluminal motion, superposition, tachyons, telescope, theory of relativity, time dilation, time-like, tunnelling, universe, vacuum, variable speed of light, visible light, water, wireless
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Communications", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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