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Sicily - Sicilian people | | Sicily - Sicilian people: Encyclopedia II - Sicily - Sicilian people | | The position of Sicily as a stepping stone of sorts in the center of the Mediterranean Basin has lent it strategic importance throughout history, resulting in an endless procession of settlers and conquerors. Of these, the earliest seem to have had the greatest demographic impact. Genetic research suggests that colonists from southern Europe (especially mainland Italy and Greece) have been most important in the peopling of Sicily:
The tree allows a division of the populations into two main groups. We find Northern A ...
See also:Sicily, Sicily - Geography, Sicily - Transport, Sicily - Towns and Cities, Sicily - Flag, Sicily - Arts, Sicily - History, Sicily - Sicilian people, Sicily - Sicilian language, Sicily - List of Sicilians, Sicily - List of Sicilian-Americans, Sicily - List of part-Sicilians, Sicily - Footnotes | | | Sicily, Sicily - Arts, Sicily - Flag, Sicily - Footnotes, Sicily - Geography, Sicily - History, Sicily - List of Sicilian-Americans, Sicily - List of Sicilians, Sicily - List of part-Sicilians, Sicily - Sicilian language, Sicily - Sicilian people, Sicily - Towns and Cities, Sicily - Transport, Sicilian language, Sicilian School, Cuisine of Sicily, Category:People of Sicilian heritage, Monarchs of Naples and Sicily, Two Sicilies, Normans, Triskelion, Sicilian music | | |
| | | Sicily: Encyclopedia II - Sicily - Sicilian people
Sicily - Sicilian people
The position of Sicily as a stepping stone of sorts in the center of the Mediterranean Basin has lent it strategic importance throughout history, resulting in an endless procession of settlers and conquerors. Of these, the earliest seem to have had the greatest demographic impact. Genetic research suggests that colonists from southern Europe (especially mainland Italy and Greece) have been most important in the peopling of Sicily:
The tree allows a division of the populations into two main groups. We find Northern African populations in the same branch. The second branch groups all the Italian and European populations, but it is split into some small branches. Trapani, Campania and Apulia group together, while Palermo lies close to Calabria. Another branch takes in France, Spain, and the Balearic islands and Greece splits between this branch and the Italian populations. The Sardinians and Corsicans appear as two outliers.
. . .
A further interesting aspect which our work has shown is the affinity of the Sicilian and southern Italian populations to Greece. This similarity already explained by Piazza is owed to the introduction of Greek genes into southern Italy during the Greek colonisation. [1]
No data exists on the contribution of Vikings, Normans and other Germanic peoples to the Sicilian gene pool, but given the above, it must have been small. On the other hand, the claim that eastern Sicilians are Greek while western Sicilians are Phoenician/Arab has been rejected. Evidence shows that Greek heritage predominates everywhere, with a minority of recent non-European admixture:
Our hypothesis stated that any diversity found between the two subpopulations would represent the signature of early colonization of the island by Greek and Phoenician peoples. Correspondence analysis showed that there was no clear geographic clustering within Sicily. The genetic distance matrix used for identifying the main genetic barriers revealed no east-west differences within the island's population, at least at the provincial level. FST estimates proved that the population subdivision did not affect the pattern of gene frequency variation; this implies that Sicily is effectively one panmictic unit. The bulk of our results confirm the absence of genetic differentiation between eastern and western Sicilians, and thus we reject the hypothesis of the subdivision of an ancient population in two areas.
. . .
Clearly detected in the extant Sicilian gene pool was a clue for more recent gene flow of people from northern Africa and the Middle East superimposed on a predominantly Greek contribution. [2]
The non-European gene flow, too, must have been small because Vona failed to detect it in his Sicilian sample, stating that "Our analysis seems, therefore, not to confirm the existence of an evident genic flow [from] the Northern African populations." [1], a finding which is echoed in another study with similar sample populations. It concludes that "The first axis clearly differentiates the North African and Middle Eastern populations from the European populations." [3]
Thus, it would appear that Sicilians are primarily the descendents of Siculi, Sicani and Elymi tribes, as well as ancient Greeks, rather than of later conquerors from across the sea. A fourth study on the same topic offers a possible explanation for the present demography of Sicily and the rest of southern Europe:
Therefore it seems that the Mediterranean Sea may have acted initially as a geographic barrier, making it simpler for Neolithic or upper Paleolithic populations to expand along the respective coasts. The cultural differences accumulated in the process may then have made it even more problematic to mix with individuals coming from the opposite coast. If this was the case, the current pattern of genetic diversity may be a joint product of initial geographic isolation and successive cultural divergence, leading to the origin of cultural barriers to population admixture. Both phenomena may have contributed to impairing trans-Mediterranean gene flow. [4]
Today Sicily, like all of western Europe, is home to many communities of immigrants, including Tunisians, Moroccans, Nigerians, Indians, Romanians, Russians, Chinese and Gypsies from the Balkans.
Sicily's population is approximately 5 million, and there are an additional 10 million people of Sicilian descent around the world, mostly in the United States, Argentina, Canada, Australia and other EU countries.
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 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Sicilian people", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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