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Scramjet - History | | Scramjet - History: Encyclopedia II - Scramjet - History | | During and after World War II, tremendous amounts of time and effort were put into researching high-speed jet- and rocket-powered aircraft. The Bell X-1 attained supersonic flight in 1947, and by the early 1960s, rapid progress towards faster aircraft suggested that operational aircraft would be flying at "hypersonic" speeds within a few years. Except for specialized rocket research vehicles like the North American X-15 and other rocket-powered spacecraft, aircraft top speeds have remained level, general ...
See also:Scramjet, Scramjet - History, Scramjet - Simple description, Scramjet - Theory, Scramjet - Applications, Scramjet - Recent progress, Scramjet - Scramjet programmes, Scramjet - HyShot, Scramjet - Hyper-X, Scramjet - Russia and France and NASA, Scramjet - GASL projectile, Scramjet - Scramjet in the movies | | | Scramjet, Scramjet - Applications, Scramjet - GASL projectile, Scramjet - History, Scramjet - HyShot, Scramjet - Hyper-X, Scramjet - Recent progress, Scramjet - Russia and France and NASA, Scramjet - Scramjet in the movies, Scramjet - Scramjet programmes, Scramjet - Simple description, Scramjet - Theory | | |
| | | Scramjet: Encyclopedia II - Scramjet - History
Scramjet - History
During and after World War II, tremendous amounts of time and effort were put into researching high-speed jet- and rocket-powered aircraft. The Bell X-1 attained supersonic flight in 1947, and by the early 1960s, rapid progress towards faster aircraft suggested that operational aircraft would be flying at "hypersonic" speeds within a few years. Except for specialized rocket research vehicles like the North American X-15 and other rocket-powered spacecraft, aircraft top speeds have remained level, generally in the range of Mach 1 to Mach 2.
In the realm of civilian air transport, the primary goal has been reducing operating cost, rather than increasing flight speeds. Because supersonic flight requires significant amounts of fuel, airlines have favored subsonic jumbo jets rather than supersonic transports. The production supersonic airliners, the Concorde and Tupolev Tu-144 operated at a financial loss (with the possible exception of British Airways that never opened the accounts). Military aircraft design focused on maneuverability and stealth, features thought to be incompatible with hypersonic aerodynamics.
Hypersonic flight concepts haven't gone away, however, and low-level investigations have continued over the past few decades. Presently, the US military and NASA have formulated a "National Hypersonics Strategy" to investigate a range of options for hypersonic flight. Other nations such as Australia, France, and Russia have also progressed in hypersonic propulsion research.
Different U.S. organizations have accepted hypersonic flight as a common goal. The U.S. Army desires hypersonic missiles that can attack mobile missile launchers quickly. NASA believes hypersonics could help develop economical, reusable launch vehicles. The Air Force is interested in a wide range of hypersonic systems, from air-launched cruise missiles to orbital spaceplanes, that the service believes could bring about a true "aerospace force."
The University of Queensland, Australia reported in 1995 the first development of a scramjet that achieved more thrust than drag1 and in 2002 successfully tested the HyShot Scramjet system.
Other related archives12 February, 16 November, 1947, 1960s, 1968, 1974, 1992, 1995, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 30 August, A$, Aerojet, Air breathing engines, Airport, Arnold Air Force Base, Australia, Bell X-1, Boeing, Boeing B-52, Computational fluid dynamics, Concorde, EADS, Earth, France, French, Ft, Guinness Book of Records, HyShot, Hyper-X, Hypersonic, ISTAR, July 26, July 30, June 2, Kazakhstan, Los Angeles, Mach, March 27, NASA, National Aerospace Plane (NASP), North American, November 17, ONERA, Pegasus rocket, Pratt & Whitney, Pratt and Whitney, Rocketdyne, Russia, Russian, SR-71, Stealth, Sydney, Australia, Tennessee, Tupolev Tu-144, U.S. Army, U.S. state, UCAV, US $, US Air Force, US Navy, US military, University of Queensland, World War II, X-15, X-43A, aircraft, atmosphere, classified, enthalpy, flame holder, flight control surfaces, fuel, funnels, hydrogen, hypersonic, inch, jet, jet-, jetliner, jumbo jets, kinetic energy, milliseconds, missile, nozzle, oxidizer, parabolic trajectory, projectile, propulsion, ramjet, rocket, rocket-powered aircraft, shock, sounding rocket, space shuttle, spacecraft, specific impulse, stealth, stratosphere, subsonic, supersonic, supersonic transports, turbine, turbofan, turbojet, weight and complexity issues that must be considered.
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "History", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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