 | Schools of Buddhism
Schools of Buddhism There are many divisions and subdivisions of the schools of Buddhism. An extensive list of historical schools is given below according to lineage. Surviving schools can be roughly grouped under the categories of Theravāda, Mahāyāna, and Vajrayāna. Theravāda and Mahāyāna share common methods as sutric schools, while Vajrayāna can be seen as a tantric school. Schools of Buddhism - Nikaya schools See also: early Buddhist schools) The initial split between Sthaviravāda and Mahāsaṃghika occurred about 100 years after Buddha's death, due to differing views concerning the rigidity of monastic rules.
- Sthaviravāda
- Pudgalavāda ('Personalist') (c. 280 BCE)
- Vibhajjavāda (prior to 240 BCE; during Aśoka)
- Theravāda (c. 240 BCE) Considered to be a continuation of Sthaviravāda and Vibhajjavāda
- Mahīśāsaka (after 232 BCE)
- Kāśyapīya (after 232 BCE)
- Dharmaguptaka (after 232 BCE)
- Vatsīputrīya (under Aśoka) later name: Saṃmitīya
- Dharmottarīya
- Bhadrayānīya
- Sannāgarika
- Sarvāstivāda (c. 237 BCE)
- Sautrāntika (between 50 BCE and c. 100 CE)
- Mūlasarvāstivāda (third and fourth centuries)
- Mahāsaṃghika ('Majority', c. 380 BCE)
- Ekavyahārikas (under Aśoka)
- Golulika (during Aśoka)
- Bahuśrutīya (late third century BCE)
- Prajñaptivāda (late third century BCE)
- Cetiyavāda
- Caitika (mid-first century BCE)
Influence of the early schools on later schools in other countries:
The following later schools used the Vinaya of the Dharmaguptaka:
- Chinese Vinaya School
- Korean Gyeyul
- Japanese Ritsu
Other influences on later schools: - The Japanese Jojitsu is considered an offshoot of Sautrantika
- The Chinese/Japanese Kusha school is considered an offshoot of Sarvastivada, influenced by Vasubandhu.
Buddhism by region, Northern and Southern Buddhism Schools of Buddhism - Theravada schools The different schools in Theravada often emphasize different aspects (or parts) of the Pali Canon and the later commentaries, or differ in the focus on (and recommended way of) practice. There are also significant differences in strictness or interpretation of the Vinaya. - Bangladesh:
- Sangharaj Nikaya
- Mahasthabir Nikaya
- Burma:
- Thudhamma Nikaya
- Vipassana tradition of Mahasi Sayadaw and disciples
- Shwekyin Nikaya
- Sri Lanka:
- Siam Nikaya
- Waturawila (or Mahavihara Vamshika Shyamopali Vanavasa Nikaya)
- Amarapura Nikaya
- Kanduboda (or Swejin Nikaya)
- Tapovana (or Kalyanavamsa)
- Ramañña Nikaya
- Galduwa (or Kalyana Yogashramaya Samsthava)
- Delduwa
- Thailand
- Maha Nikaya
- Thammayut Nikaya
Schools of Buddhism - Mahāyāna schools - Madhyamaka
- Yogācāra
- Tathagatagarbha
-
- Wei-Shi (Consciousness-only school) or Faxiang (Dharma-character school)
- Sanlun (Three Treatise school)
- Daśabhūmikā (absorbed in to Huayan)
- Huayan (Avataṃsaka)
- Chan / Zen / Seon
- Pure Land (Amidism)
- Tiantai (Lotus Sutra School)
- Cheontae
- Tendai (also contained Vajrayana elements)
- Nichiren
- Nichiren Shū
- Nichiren Shōshū
- Nipponzan Myōhōji
- Soka Gakkai
- Vijñānavāda
Schools of Buddhism - Tantric schools see also: Vajrayāna Subcategorised according to predecessors - Tibetan Buddhism
- Nyingmapa
- New Bön (synthesis of Yungdrung Bön and Nyingmapa)
- Sakyapa
- Kadampa
- Kagyupa
- Shangpa Kagyu
- Karma Kagyu (or Kamtshang Kagyu)
- Tsalpa Kagyu
- Baram Kagyu
- Pagtru Kagyu (or Phagmo Drugpa Kagyu)
- Taglung Kagyu
- Trophu Kagyu
- Drukpa Kagyu
- Martsang Kagyu
- Yerpa Kagyu
- Yazang Kagyu
- Shugseb Kagyu
- Drikung Kagyu
- Rechung Kagyu
- Rime movement (ecumenical movement)
- Japanese Mikkyo
- Shingon
- Tendai (derived from Tiantai but added tantric practices)
See also - Buddhism by region
- Northern and Southern Buddhism
Other related archivesAjahn Chah, Amarapura Nikaya, Aśoka, Bangladesh, Beopsang, Buddha, Buddhism by region, Burma, Caitika, Caodong, Chan, Cheontae, Daśabhūmikā, Dhammakaya, Dharmaguptaka, Drikung Kagyu, Drukpa Kagyu, Ekavyahārikas, Faxiang, Fuke, Gelukpa, Golulika, Gyeyul, Huayan, Hwaeom, Jodo, Jodo Shin, Jonangpa, Kadampa, Kagyupa, Karma Kagyu, Kegon, Madhyamaka, Mahasi Sayadaw, Mahasthabir Nikaya, Mahāsaṃghika, Mahāyāna, Mahāyāna schools, Mikkyo, New Bön, Nichiren, Nichiren Shōshū, Nichiren Shū, Nikaya schools, Nipponzan Myōhōji, Northern and Southern Buddhism, Nyingmapa, Pali Canon, Prajñaptivāda, Prāsangaka, Pudgalavāda, Pure Land, Ramañña Nikaya, Rime movement, Rinzai, Ritsu, Sakyapa, Sangharaj Nikaya, Sanlun, Sanron, Sarvastivada, Sarvāstivāda, Sautrantika, Sautrāntika, Saṃmitīya, Seon, Shangpa Kagyu, Shingon, Siam Nikaya, Soka Gakkai, Soto, Sri Lanka, Sthaviravāda, Tathagatagarbha, Tendai, Thai Forest Tradition, Thailand, Thammayut Nikaya, Theravada, Theravāda, Tiantai, Tibetan Buddhism, Vajrayāna, Vasubandhu, Vatsīputrīya, Vibhajjavāda, Vinaya, Vipassana, Yogācāra, Yungdrung Bön, Zen, early Buddhist schools, first century BC, fourth, sutric, tantric, third, third century BC, Ōbaku
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Schools of Buddhism", http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_schools, used and available under the GNU Free Documentation License. |
