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Roman Britain - Sub-Roman Britain | | Roman Britain - Sub-Roman Britain: Encyclopedia II - Roman Britain - Sub-Roman Britain | | Britain came under increasing pressure from barbarian attack on all sides towards the end of the 4th century, and troops were too few to mount an effective defence. The army rebelled and, after elevating two disappointing usurpers, chose a soldier, Constantine III, to become Emperor in 407. He soon crossed to Gaul with an army, to be defeated by Theodosius I; it is unclear how many troops remained or ever returned, nor whether a commander-in-chief in Britain was ever reappointed. A Saxon incursion in 408 was apparently repelled by the Briton ...
See also:Roman Britain, Roman Britain - Early Roman contacts, Roman Britain - The Roman invasion, Roman Britain - Roman rule is established, Roman Britain - Occupation and retreat from southern Scotland, Roman Britain - Trade and industry, Roman Britain - The third century, Roman Britain - Government of Britannia, Roman Britain - The fourth century, Roman Britain - Town and country, Roman Britain - The end of Roman rule, Roman Britain - Religion, Roman Britain - Sub-Roman Britain, Roman Britain - The legacy | | | Roman Britain, Roman Britain - Early Roman contacts, Roman Britain - Government of Britannia, Roman Britain - Occupation and retreat from southern Scotland, Roman Britain - Religion, Roman Britain - Roman rule is established, Roman Britain - Sub-Roman Britain, Roman Britain - The Roman invasion, Roman Britain - The end of Roman rule, Roman Britain - The fourth century, Roman Britain - The legacy, Roman Britain - The third century, Roman Britain - Town and country, Roman Britain - Trade and industry, Roman departure from Britain, List of Roman governors of Britain, History of Britain, Romano-British, Sub-Roman Britain, Roman sites in the United Kingdom, UK topics | | |
| | | Roman Britain: Encyclopedia II - Roman Britain - Sub-Roman Britain
Roman Britain - Sub-Roman Britain
Britain came under increasing pressure from barbarian attack on all sides towards the end of the 4th century, and troops were too few to mount an effective defence. The army rebelled and, after elevating two disappointing usurpers, chose a soldier, Constantine III, to become Emperor in 407. He soon crossed to Gaul with an army, to be defeated by Theodosius I; it is unclear how many troops remained or ever returned, nor whether a commander-in-chief in Britain was ever reappointed. A Saxon incursion in 408 was apparently repelled by the Britons themselves, and in 409 Zosimus records that the natives expelled the Roman civilian administration. A later appeal for help by the British communities was rejected by the emperor Honorius in 410. This apparent contradiction has been explained by EA Thompson as a peasant revolt against the landowning classes, with the latter group asking for Roman help; an uprising certainly occurred in Gaul at the time. With the higher levels of the military and civil government gone, administration and justice fell to municipal authorities, and small warlords gradually emerged all over Britain, still aspiring to Roman ideals and conventions.
By tradition, the pagan Saxons were invited by Vortigern to assist in fighting the Picts and Irish, though archaeology has suggested some official settlement as landed mercenaries as early as the third century. The new arrivals rebelled, plunging the country into a series of wars that eventually led to the Saxon occupation of Lowland Britain by 600. Around this time many Britons fled to Brittany (whence its name). Similar orders were sent out in the 490s but met with no response. A significant date in sub-Roman Britain is the famous Groans of the Britons, an unanswered appeal to Aëtius, leading general of the western Empire, for assistance against Saxon invasion in 446; another is the Battle of Dyrham in 577, after which the significant cities of Bath, Cirencester and Gloucester fell and the Saxons reached the western sea.
Most scholars reject the historicity of the later legends of King Arthur, which seem to be set in this period, but some such as John Morris see it as evidence behind which may lie a plausible grain of truth.
Other related archives100, 105, 120, 142, 155, 157, 163, 164, 175, 180, 184, 192, 259, 25th July, 274, 278, 293, 306, 384, 410 CE, 43, 47, 78, 84, Aaron, Agricola, Alaric, Alban, Alcester, Allectus, Anglo-Saxons, Antonine Wall, Antoninus Pius, Archaeology, Asclepiodotus, Attacotti, Aulus Platorius Nepos, Aurelian, Aëtius, Bath, Battle of Adrianople, Battle of Dyrham, Battle of Mons Graupius, Battle of Mons Seleucus, Boudicca, Boulogne, Brigantes, Britannia Prima, Britannia Secunda, British tribes, Brittany, Brythonic, Burgundians, Caerleon, Caerwent, Caledonia, Caledonians, Camulodunum, Canterbury, Caracalla, Caratacus, Carausius, Carmarthen, Cartimandua, Cassius Dio, Catuvellauni, Celtic Christianity, Chester, Chichester, Christianity, Cirencester, Claudius, Clodius Albinus, Clyde, Cnaeus Julius Verus, Colchester, Cologne, Commodus, Constans, Constantine I, Constantine III, Constantius Chlorus, Constantius II, Constitutional history, Continental Europe, Count Theodosius, Cyrene, Dacian Wars, Danube, Dio Cassius, Diocletian, Dolaucothi, Dorchester, Dover, Early Modern Britain, Economic history, English Channel, Exeter, Flavia Caesariensis, Flavius Martinus, Forth, Frankish, Gaius Julius Caesar, Gallic Empire, Gallienus, Gaul, Gaulish, Gauls, Germania, Germany, Geta, Gloucester, Gloucestershire, Gold, Gordian I, Great Britain, Great Conspiracy, Greek, Groans of the Britons, Hadrian, Hadrian's Wall, Hinton St Mary, Hispania, History of Britain, History of England, History of Ireland, History of Scotland, History of Wales, Honorius, IX Hispana, Iberia, Iceni, Irish, Iron Age, Iron Age Britain, Isca Silurum, Julius, King Arthur, La Tène, Leicester, Lincoln, List of Roman governors of Britain, London, Lower Britain, Lower Germany, Lucius Alfenus Senecio, Lugdunum, Lullingstone, Maeatae, Magnentius, Magnus Maximus, Manchester, Maxima Caesariensis, Maximian, Medieval Britain, Mendip Hills, Michael Rostovtzeff, Military history, Mithraism, Modern Britain, Nene Valley, Nettleham, Newstead, Northwich, Ordovices, Paul "Catena", Pertinax, Pescennius Niger, Picts, Postumus, Poundbury, Praetorian Prefect, Prehistoric Britain, Priscus, Probus, Punic, Quintus Lollius Urbicus, Quintus Pompeius Falco, Ravenna, Richborough, River Tay, Roman Empire, Roman departure from Britain, Roman forts, Roman sites in the United Kingdom, Romance language, Romania, Romanisation, Romano-British, Rome, Rutland, Saint Patrick, Sarmatian, Saxon Shore Fort, Saxon Shore Forts, Saxons, Scotland, Scots, Scottish Borders, Scottish lowlands, Segontium, Selgovae, Senate, Septimius Severus, Social history, Solway, Southampton, St Albans, Stanegate, Stilicho, Sub-Roman Britain, Suetonius Paullinus, Tacitus, Temple of Mithras, Tertullian, Tetrarchy, Theodosius I, Towcester, Trajan, Trimontium, Trinovantes, Tyne, UK topics, Ulpius Marcellus, Upper Britain, VI Victrix, Vandals, Vercingetorix, Verulamium, Vespasian, Virius Lupus, Vortigern, Votadini, Wealden, Welsh, Winchester, Wroxeter, XX Valeria Victrix, York, Zosimus, agriculture, archaeological, architecture, armour, assassinating, buffer state, civitates, coins, consulship, epigraphic, equites, garum, governors, grave goods, hoards, imperium, indigenous, industry, inflation, invasion, iron, isthmus, jet, lead, legends, list of Roman place names in Britain, marble, minority language, mystery religions, native, pagan, pearls, proconsular, province, querns, roads, sewage, silver, suicide, the Channel, tin, treaty, tribune, urbanisation, votive offerings, witch hunt
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Sub-Roman Britain", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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