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Road - Construction | | Road - Construction: Encyclopedia II - Road - Construction | | Road construction requires the creation of a continuous right-of-way, overcoming geographic obstacles and having grades low enough to permit vehicle or foot travel. Removal of earth and rock by digging or blasting, construction of bridges and tunnels, and removal of vegetation (this may involve deforestation) are often needed. A variety of road building equipment is employed in road building.
The soil is tested to see if it will support weight and if not, a layer of soil is removed and replaced. The soil is compacted to form what is k ...
See also:Road, Road - Usage and etymology, Road - History, Road - Funding, Road - Driving on the right or the left, Road - Design, Road - Construction, Road - Maintenance, Road - Terminology | | | Road, Road - Construction, Road - Design, Road - Driving on the right or the left, Road - Funding, Road - History, Road - Maintenance, Road - Terminology, Road - Usage and etymology, Inca road system, List of roads and highways, Public road, Reclaim the Streets, Road movie, Trade route | | |
| | | Road: Encyclopedia II - Road - Construction
Road - Construction
Road construction requires the creation of a continuous right-of-way, overcoming geographic obstacles and having grades low enough to permit vehicle or foot travel. Removal of earth and rock by digging or blasting, construction of bridges and tunnels, and removal of vegetation (this may involve deforestation) are often needed. A variety of road building equipment is employed in road building.
The soil is tested to see if it will support weight and if not, a layer of soil is removed and replaced. The soil is compacted to form what is known as a "base course". On top of the base course is placed a wearing course which consists of asphalt concrete or concrete. While the main purpose of the wearing course is to prevent moisture from entering the road, for safety reasons this wearing course must also be constructed to ensure adequate grip (and skid resistance) with vehicles.
Modern roads, and indeed many ancient ones, such as those built by the Romans, feature a convex lateral surface known as camber. This is designed to allow water to drain away from the road to its edges. Water is then carried away by gutters to drains placed at intervals. Some roads don't have gutters and water simply drains away to a naturally porous verge, or into ditches. Modern roads that carry motor traffic also employ camber in curves to aid traffic stability by allowing them to "bank into" the bend to some extent.
On the side of the road there may be retroreflectors on pegs, rocks or crash barriers, white toward the direction of the traffic on that side of the road, and red toward the other direction. In the road surface there may be cat's eyes: retroreflectors that protrude slightly, but which can be driven over without damage.
Road signs are often also made retroreflective or even illuminated in rare circumstances. For greater visibility of road signs at daytime, sometimes fluorescence is applied to get very bright colors.
Other related archives10, 000 BC, 1100 BC, 1706, 1950s, 2+1 road, 2002, 300 BC, 3800 BC, AASHO Road Test, American English, Bollywood, England, Great Pyramid, Inca road system, Incas, Interchange, Intersection, Interstate, John Loudon McAdam, Latin, List of roads and highways, Parkway, Pierre Marie Jérôme Trésaguet, Public road, Reclaim the Streets, Road, Road movie, Road signs, Roman roads, Romans, Rules of the road, Sweet Track, Trade route, US highway, anchorage, arterial road, asphalt, asphalt concrete, autobahn, autoroute, autostrasse, axle, barges, base course, bitumen, bottleneck, boulevard, bridges, bypass, byway, camber, car, carts, cat's eye, cat's eyes, causeway, chicane, cognate, concrete, contractors, convex, corduroy road, corniche, cul-de-sac, curb, curb extension, deforestation, dirt road, ditches, divided highway, drains, expressway, farm to market, floods, freeway, geometrical road design, gravel road, green lane, guard rail, gutters, hard shoulder, highway, highways, industrial revolution, lane, macadamized, median, migrating, milestone, military, mirror image, motorway, mountain pass, nomads, paved, pavement, pavement markings, pedestrian crossing, pedestrians, performance, plank road, potholes, private, private highway, private road, public road, public sector, public space, railway, railways, ranch road, range road, retroreflective, retroreflectors, river, road building equipment, road junction, road number, road safety, road transport, roadworks, roundabout intersection, roundabouts, rural route, sea transport, soil, state highway, street, street name, streets, structural road design, taxes, toll road, tolls, tracks, traffic calming, traffic circle, traffic light, traffic sign, traffic signs, trails, tunnels, urban, vehicles, wheeled, winter road
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Construction", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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