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Plato - The state | | Plato - The state: Encyclopedia II - Plato - The state | | Plato's philosophical views had many societal implications, especially on the idea of an ideal state or government. There is some discrepancy between his early and later views. Some of the most famous doctrines are contained in the Republic during his middle period.
Plato asserts that societies have a tripartite class structure corresponding to the appetite/spirit/reason structure of the individual soul.
Productive (Workers) - The laborers, carpenters, plumbers, masons, merchants, farmers, ranchers, etc. The ...
See also:Plato, Plato - Biography, Plato - Work, Plato - Themes, Plato - Form and basis, Plato - Metaphysics, Plato - Epistemology, Plato - The state, Plato - Platonic scholarship, Plato - Bibliography, Plato - By tetralogy, Plato - Stephanus pagination, Plato - Chronology, Plato - Middle Dialogues, Plato - Loeb Classical Library | | | Plato, Plato - Bibliography, Plato - Biography, Plato - By tetralogy, Plato - Chronology, Plato - Epistemology, Plato - Form and basis, Plato - Loeb Classical Library, Plato - Metaphysics, Plato - Middle Dialogues, Plato - Platonic scholarship, Plato - Stephanus pagination, Plato - The state, Plato - Themes, Plato - Work, Important publications in Western philosophy, Mitchell Miller, Alexander Nehamas, Neoplatonism, Platonic love, Platonism, Plotinus, Theory of Forms | | |
| | | Plato: Encyclopedia II - Plato - The state
Plato - The state
Plato's philosophical views had many societal implications, especially on the idea of an ideal state or government. There is some discrepancy between his early and later views. Some of the most famous doctrines are contained in the Republic during his middle period.
Plato asserts that societies have a tripartite class structure corresponding to the appetite/spirit/reason structure of the individual soul.
- Productive (Workers) - The laborers, carpenters, plumbers, masons, merchants, farmers, ranchers, etc. These correspond to the "appetite" part of the soul.
- Protective (Warriors) - Those who are adventurous, strong, brave, in love with danger; in the armed forces. These correspond to the "spirit" part of the soul.
- Governing (Rulers) - Those who are intelligent, rational, self-controlled, in love with wisdom, well suited to make decisions for the community. These correspond to the "reason" part of the soul and are very few.
According to this model, the principles of Athenian democracy (as it existed in his day) are rejected as only a few are fit to rule. Instead of rhetoric and persuasion, Plato says reason and wisdom should govern. This does not equate to tyranny, despotism or oligarchy, however. As Plato puts it:
"Until philosophers rule as kings or those who are now called kings and leading men genuinely and adequately philosophize, that is, until political power and philosophy entirely coincide, while the many natures who at present pursue either one exclusively are forcibly prevented from doing so, cities will have no rest from evils,... nor, I think, will the human race." (Republic 473c-d)
Plato describes these "philosopher kings" as "those who love the sight of truth" (Republic 475c) and supports the idea with the analogy of a captain and his ship or a doctor and his medicine. Sailing and health are not things that everyone is qualified to practice by nature. A large part of the Republic then addresses how the educational system should be set up to produce these philosopher kings.
However, it must be taken into account that the ideal city outlined in the Republic is qualified by Socrates as the ideal luxurious city, examined to determine how it is that injustice and justice grow in a city (Republic 372e). According to Socrates, the "true" and "healthy" city is instead the one first outlined in book II of the Republic, 369c-372d, containing farmers, craftsmen, merchants and wage-earners, but lacking the guardian class of philosopher-kings as well as delicacies such as "perfumed oils, incense, prostitutes, and pastries", in addition to paintings, gold, ivory, couches, a multitude of occupations such as poets and hunters, and war.
Other related archives(The) Apology (of Socrates), (The) Laws, (The) Republic, (The) Symposium, 16th century, 1945, 19th century, 21st century, 347 BC, 427 BC, 428 BC, 529, Academus, Academy, Aegina, Al-Farabi, Albert Einstein, Alexander Nehamas, Alfred Tarski, Alonzo Church, Anaxagoras, Apology, Arabic, Aristotle, Athenian, Athenian kings, Athens, Atlantis, Averroes, Avicenna, Being, Byzantine Empire, Byzantium, Charmides, Christianity, Constantinople, Cratylus, Critias, Crito, David Hume, Demiurge, Dicaearchus, Diogenes Laertius, Enneads, Epinomis, Euthyphro, First Alcibiades, Friedrich Nietzsche, George Gemistos Plethon, Gnostics, Gorgias, Gottlob Frege, Greek, Hellenistic, Henricus Stephanus, Hipparchus, Immanuel Kant, Important publications in Western philosophy, Ion, Isthmian games, James Loeb, John Locke, Justinian I, Karl Popper, Kurt Gödel, Laches, Latin, Laws, Loeb Classical Library#Plato, Lorenzo de Medici, Lysis, Martin Heidegger, May 21, Menexenus, Meno, Middle Ages, Mitchell Miller, Neoplatonic, Neoplatonism, Niels Bohr, Parmenides, Persian, Phaedo, Phaedrus, Plato's allegory of the cave, Plato's metaphor of the sun, Platonic epistemology, Platonic idealism, Platonic love, Platonic realism, Platonism, Plotinus, Protagoras, Pythagoreans, Renaissance, Republic, Saint Justin Martyr, Scholastic, Scholasticism, Second Alcibiades, Socrates, Socratic Dialogues, Socratic dialogues, Socratic problem, Stephanus pagination, Symposium, The Bell Curve, The Form of the Good, The Mismeasure of Man, The Open Society and Its Enemies, The Republic, Theaetetus, Thomas Hobbes, Thrasyllus, Thrasymachus, Tiberius, Timaeus, Zoroaster, Zoroastrian, abstract, allegory of the cave, aristocracy, arts, attributes, classical Greek, commentaries, content, convention, democracy, despotism, dialectic, dialogue, dialogues, dualism, environment, epigrams, ethical, eugenic, first principles, forms, government, harmony, hereditary, heredity, hierarchy, ideas, imagination, intelligence, interpretations, knowledge, learning, letters, metaphor of the sun, metaphors, mind, mise en scène, monarchy, moral, nature, nature versus nurture, objective, oligarchy, ontological, opinion, perception, personality, philosopher, postmodernists, pro forma, quantum mechanics, reality, reason, recollection, right opinion, sense-perception, social classes, societal, soul, state, subjective, tetralogies, the Forms, the divided line, the divided line of Plato, totalitarian, treatises, tyranny, universals, universe, virtue
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "The state", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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