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Nuremberg Trials - Creation of the court |  | Nuremberg Trials - Creation of the court: Encyclopedia II - Nuremberg Trials - Creation of the court |  | At the meetings in Tehran (1943), Yalta (1945) and Potsdam (1945), the three major wartime powers USA, USSR and Great Britain agreed on the format to punish those responsible for war-crimes during World War II. France was also awarded a place on the tribunal.
The legal basis for the trial was established by the 'London Charter', issued on August 8, 1945, which restricted the trial to "punishment of the major war criminals of the European Axis countries". Thus, accusations of Allied war crimes could not be tried. Some 200 German war cr ...
See also:Nuremberg Trials, Nuremberg Trials - Origin of the trials, Nuremberg Trials - Creation of the court, Nuremberg Trials - Location, Nuremberg Trials - Participants, Nuremberg Trials - The validity of the court, Nuremberg Trials - The main trial, Nuremberg Trials - Influence on the development of international criminal law, Nuremberg Trials - Endnotes, Nuremberg Trials - Notes |  | | Nuremberg Trials, Nuremberg Trials - Creation of the court, Nuremberg Trials - Endnotes, Nuremberg Trials - Influence on the development of international criminal law, Nuremberg Trials - Location, Nuremberg Trials - Notes, Nuremberg Trials - Origin of the trials, Nuremberg Trials - Participants, Nuremberg Trials - The main trial, Nuremberg Trials - The validity of the court, Anton Dostler, Dachau International Military Tribunal, Frankfurt Auschwitz trials, IG Farben, International Military Tribunal for the Far East, Japanese war crimes, Judgment at Nuremberg (1961 film), Nuremberg Defense, Nuremberg Diary, Subsequent Nuremberg Trials for the trials before the NMT., War crime, War-responsibility trials in Finland |  | |
|  |  | Nuremberg Trials: Encyclopedia II - Nuremberg Trials - Creation of the court
Nuremberg Trials - Creation of the court
At the meetings in Tehran (1943), Yalta (1945) and Potsdam (1945), the three major wartime powers USA, USSR and Great Britain agreed on the format to punish those responsible for war-crimes during World War II. France was also awarded a place on the tribunal.
The legal basis for the trial was established by the 'London Charter', issued on August 8, 1945, which restricted the trial to "punishment of the major war criminals of the European Axis countries". Thus, accusations of Allied war crimes could not be tried. Some 200 German war crimes defendants were tried at Nuremberg, and 1,600 others were tried under the traditional channels of military justice. The legal basis for the jurisdiction of the court was that by the Instrument of Surrender of Germany, political authority for Germany had been transferred to the Allied Control Council which having sovereign power over Germany could choose to punish violations of international law and the laws of war. Because the court was limited to violations of the laws of war, it did not have jurisdiction over crimes that took place before the outbreak of war on September 1, 1939.
Nuremberg Trials - Location
The Soviet Union had wanted the trials to take place in Berlin, but Nuremberg was chosen as the site for the trials for specific reasons:
- It was located in the American sector (at this time, Germany was divided into four sectors).
- The Palace of Justice was spacious and largely undamaged (one of the few that had remained largely intact through extensive Allied bombing of Germany). A large prison was also part of the complex.
- Because Nuremberg had been appointed "City of the party rallies", there was symbolic value in making it the place of the party's demise.
It was also agreed that Berlin would become the permanent seat of the IMT and that the first trial (several were planned) would take place in Nuremberg. Because of the Cold War, there were no subsequent trials.
Nuremberg Trials - Participants
Each of the four countries provided one judge and an alternate; and the prosecutors. The judges were:
- Geoffrey Lawrence (British main and president)
- Norman Birkett (British alternate)
- Francis Biddle (US main)
- John Parker (US alternate)
- Henri Donnedieu de Vabres (French main)
- Robert Falco (French alternate)
- Iona Nikitchenko (Russian main)
- Alexander Volchkov (Russian alternate)
The Chief prosecutors were Robert H. Jackson for the United States, Hartley Shawcross for the UK, General R. A. Rudenko for the Soviet Union, and François de Menthon and Auguste Champetier de Ribes for France. Assisting Jackson was the lawyer Telford Taylor and assisting Shawcross were Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe and Sir John Wheeler-Bennett.
Other related archives'London Charter', 1 October, 18 August, 1939, 1940, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1st October, 20th November, 9 September, Laconia incident, A. L. Goodhart, Alexander Volchkov, Allied Control Council, Anton Dostler, Articles lacking sources, August 8, Avalon Project, Berlin, Biscari massacre, Britain, Churchill, Cold War, Conquest, Robert, Dachau International Military Tribunal, David Maxwell-Fyfe, Doctors' Trial, Final Solution, France, Francis Biddle, Frankfurt Auschwitz trials, General, Geneva Convention, Geoffrey Lawrence, German, German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, Gestapo, Great Britain, Harry S. Truman, Hartley Shawcross, Heil Hitler, Henri Donnedieu de Vabres, Henry L. Stimson, Henry Morgenthau Jr., IG Farben, Instrument of Surrender of Germany, International Criminal Court, International Law Commission, International Military Tribunal for the Far East, International law, Iona Nikitchenko, Japanese war crimes, John Parker, John Wheeler-Bennett, Judgment at Nuremberg, Leon Goldensohn, Morgenthau Plan, Nazi, Nazis, Nazism, Nikitchenko, Norman Birkett, November 20, Nuremberg, Nuremberg Code, Nuremberg Defense, Nuremberg Diary, Nuremberg Military Tribunals, Nuremberg Palace of Justice, Nuremberg Principles, Nuremberg Trials, OKW, October 18, Otto Skorzeny, Oxford, Poland, Potsdam, Quebec Conference, R. A. Rudenko, Red Cross, Robert Falco, Robert H. Jackson, Roosevelt, SA, SD, SS, Secretary of War, September 1, Soviet Union, Spandau Prison, Stalin, Subsequent Nuremberg Trials, Tehran, Telford Taylor, The Genocide Convention, Treaty of Versailles, U.S., UK, USA, USSR, United Nations General Assembly, United States, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, War Department, War crime, War crimes, War-responsibility trials in Finland, World War II, Yale Law School, Yalta, aggression, citation needed, conspiracy, crime against peace, crimes against humanity, criminal organizations, ex post facto, governments in exile, hanging, indicted, international criminal law, modern democracy, party rallies, prisoners of war, rules of evidence, sector, show trial, show trials, the Holocaust, tu quoque, victor's justice, war crimes
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Creation of the court", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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