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Mandarin linguistics - Vocabulary | | Mandarin linguistics - Vocabulary: Encyclopedia II - Mandarin linguistics - Vocabulary | | There are more polysyllabic words in Mandarin than in other varieties of Chinese. This is partly because Mandarin has undergone many more sound changes than have southern varieties of Chinese, and has needed to deal with many more homophones — usually by forming new words via compounding, or by adding affixes such as lao-, -zi, -(e)r, and -tou. There are also a small number of words that have been polysyllabic s ...
See also:Mandarin linguistics, Mandarin linguistics - History, Mandarin linguistics - Name and classification, Mandarin linguistics - Standard Mandarin, Mandarin linguistics - Dialects, Mandarin linguistics - Phonology, Mandarin linguistics - Vocabulary | | | Mandarin linguistics, Mandarin linguistics - Dialects, Mandarin linguistics - History, Mandarin linguistics - Name and classification, Mandarin linguistics - Phonology, Mandarin linguistics - Standard Mandarin, Mandarin linguistics - Vocabulary, Chinese grammar | | |
| | | Mandarin linguistics: Encyclopedia II - Mandarin linguistics - Vocabulary
Mandarin linguistics - Vocabulary
There are more polysyllabic words in Mandarin than in other varieties of Chinese. This is partly because Mandarin has undergone many more sound changes than have southern varieties of Chinese, and has needed to deal with many more homophones — usually by forming new words via compounding, or by adding affixes such as lao-, -zi, -(e)r, and -tou. There are also a small number of words that have been polysyllabic since Old Chinese, such as hudie (butterfly).
The pronouns in Mandarin are wǒ (我) "I", nǐ (你) "you", and tā (他/她) "he/she", with -men (们) added for the group. Dialects of Mandarin agree with each other quite consistently on this, but not with other varieties of Chinese (e.g. Wu has 侬 "you").
In addition, there is zánmen (咱们), a "we" that includes the listener, and nín (您), a deferential way of saying "you". A comparable example would be Sie and du in German.
Other morphemes that Mandarin dialects tend to share are aspect and mood particles, such as -le (了), -zhe (着), and -guo (过). Other Chinese varieties tend to use different words in some of these contexts (e.g. Cantonese 咗 and 緊).
Due to contact with Central Asian cultures, Mandarin has some loanwords from Altaic languages not present in other varieties of Chinese, for example hútong (胡同) "alley". Southern Chinese varieties have borrowed more from Tai or Austronesian languages.
Other related archives20th century, Altaic languages, Australia, Austronesian, Beijing Mandarin, Beijing dialect, Beijing government, Canada, Cantonese, Central Asian, Chinese, Chinese dialects, Chinese grammar, England, English, English language, Hanyu Pinyin, Hong Kong, Identification of the varieties of Chinese, Ireland, Jin, Mainland China, Malay, Manchu, Manchuria, Mandarin dialect spoken in Beijing, Mandarin dialects, Middle Chinese, Northeast China dialect, Old Chinese, Orthoepy, PRC, People's Republic of China, Portuguese, Qing Empire, ROC, Republic of China, Sanskrit, Scotland, Sichuan, Simplified Chinese, Singapore, Southern Chinese, Standard Mandarin, Tai, Taipei government, Taiwan, Traditional Chinese, United Nations, United States, Wu, Yuan Dynasty, Yunnan, Zhōngyuán Yīnyùn, accent, affixes, black death, dialect, dialects of Mandarin, dispute, grammar, home language, homophones, language, minister, offglide, phonology, pinyin, pronouns, pronunciation, rhyme book, simplified characters, standard Mandarin, stop consonants, stress timed, syllable timed, tones, traditional characters, vocabulary
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Vocabulary", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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