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London - Geography and climate | | London - Geography and climate: Encyclopedia II - London - Geography and climate | | Greater London covers an area of 609 square miles (1,579 km²). London used to be identified by its port on the Thames, which is a navigable river. The river had a major influence on the development of the city. London was founded on the north bank of the Thames and, for many centuries, there was only a single bridge, London Bridge. As a result, the main focus of the city was on the north side of the Thames. When more bridges were built in the 18th century, the city expanded in all directions as the mostly flat or gently rolling co ...
See also:London, London - Defining London, London - Geography and climate, London - History, London - Modern London, London - Culture, London - London Districts, London - Central London, London - City of London, London - The West End, London - East London, London - The East End, London - Docklands, London - West London, London - North London, London - South London, London - Demographics, London - Government, London - Business and economy, London - Transport and infrastructure, London - Education, London - Media, London - Technology, London - Style and fashion, London - Religion, London - Sport, London - Tourist attractions, London - Places of interest, London - List of hotels in London, London - Buildings and monuments, London - Museums and galleries, London - Markets and shopping areas, London - Parks and gardens, London - Other places of interest, London - London in the arts, London - Literature featuring London, London - Films featuring London, London - Television programmes featuring London, London - Songs featuring London, London - Video Games featuring London, London - Major exhibitions staged in London, London - Parades | | | London, London - Buildings and monuments, London - Business and economy, London - Central London, London - City of London, London - Culture, London - Defining London, London - Demographics, London - Docklands, London - East London, London - Education, London - Films featuring London, London - Geography and climate, London - Government, London - History, London - List of hotels in London, London - Literature featuring London, London - London Districts, London - London in the arts, London - Major exhibitions staged in London, London - Markets and shopping areas, London - Media, London - Modern London, London - Museums and galleries, London - North London, London - Other places of interest, London - Parades, London - Parks and gardens, London - Places of interest, London - Religion, London - Songs featuring London, London - South London, London - Sport, London - Style and fashion, London - Technology, London - Television programmes featuring London, London - The East End, London - The West End, London - Tourist attractions, London - Transport and infrastructure, London - Video Games featuring London, London - West London, 7 July 2005 London bombings, 2012 Olympics, List of churches and cathedrals of London, London in fiction, List of heads of London government, Hotels in London, Londonistan, London markets, Mayor of London, Photographs of London, List of places in London, London postal districts, Subterranean London, Subterranean rivers of London, Tall buildings in London, University of London, Walking in London, Guide to London on Wikibooks, List of television shows set in London | | |
| | | London: Encyclopedia II - London - Geography and climate
London - Geography and climate
Main articles: Geography of London, and Climate of London, and [[]], and [[]], and [[]]
Greater London covers an area of 609 square miles (1,579 km²). London used to be identified by its port on the Thames, which is a navigable river. The river had a major influence on the development of the city. London was founded on the north bank of the Thames and, for many centuries, there was only a single bridge, London Bridge. As a result, the main focus of the city was on the north side of the Thames. When more bridges were built in the 18th century, the city expanded in all directions as the mostly flat or gently rolling countryside around the Thames floodplain presented no obstacle to growth. Today, there are a few hills in London, examples being Parliament Hill and Primrose Hill, they provide fine prospects of the city centre without significantly affecting the directions of the spread of the city and London is therefore roughly circular.
The Thames was once a much broader, shallower river than it is today with extensive marshlands. It has been extensively embanked, and many of its London tributaries now flow underground. The Thames is a tidal river, and London is vulnerable to flooding. The threat has increased over time due to a slow but continuous rise in high water level and the slow 'tilting' of Britain (up in the north and down in the south) caused by post-glacial rebound. The Thames Barrier was constructed across the Thames at Woolwich in the 1970s to deal with this threat, but in early-2005 it was suggested that a ten-mile-long barrier further downstream might be required to deal with the flood risk in the future [1].
London has a temperate climate, with warm but seldom hot summers, cool but rarely severe winters - however, the balance is changing due to global warming. It has regular but generally light precipitation throughout the year. Summer temperatures rarely rise much above 33°C (91°F), though higher temperatures have become more common recently. The highest temperature ever recorded in London was 38.1°C (100.6°F), measured at Kew Gardens during the European Heat Wave of 2003. Heavy snowfalls are almost unknown. In recent winters, snow has rarely settled to more than an inch (25 mm). London's average annual precipitation of less than 24 inches (600 mm) is lower than that of Rome or Sydney. London's large built-up area creates a microclimate, with heat stored by the city's buildings: sometimes temperatures are 5°C (9°F) warmer in the city than in the surrounding areas.
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 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Geography and climate", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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