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History of the Levant - The Iron age | | History of the Levant - The Iron age: Encyclopedia II - History of the Levant - The Iron age | | The destruction at the end of the bronze age left a number of tiny kingdoms and City-states behind. A few Hittite centres remained in northern Syria, along with some Phoenician ports in Canaan that escaped destruction and developed into great commercial powers. In the 12th century BC most of the interior, as well as Babylonia, was overrun by Arameans, while the shoreline around today's Gaza Strip fell to the Philistines. By the late 11th-early 10th century BC, Canaan had been conquered by the Hebrews, also known as Israelites who united under one king, David. David made Jerusalem the capital of the Kingdom of Israel ...
See also:History of the Levant, History of the Levant - The Stone age, History of the Levant - The Bronze age, History of the Levant - The Iron age, History of the Levant - The Classical empires, History of the Levant - The Islamic era, History of the Levant - The Ottoman period and the 20th century | | | History of the Levant, History of the Levant - The Bronze age, History of the Levant - The Classical empires, History of the Levant - The Iron age, History of the Levant - The Islamic era, History of the Levant - The Ottoman period and the 20th century, History of the Levant - The Stone age, History, Israel, History of ancient Israel and Judah, History of Israel, Palestine, History of Palestine, Jordan, History of Jordan, Egypt, History of Egypt, Syria, History of Syria, Lebanon, History of Lebanon, , History of present-day nations and states. | | |
| | | History of the Levant: Encyclopedia II - History of the Levant - The Iron age
History of the Levant - The Iron age
The destruction at the end of the bronze age left a number of tiny kingdoms and City-states behind. A few Hittite centres remained in northern Syria, along with some Phoenician ports in Canaan that escaped destruction and developed into great commercial powers. In the 12th century BC most of the interior, as well as Babylonia, was overrun by Arameans, while the shoreline around today's Gaza Strip fell to the Philistines. By the late 11th-early 10th century BC, Canaan had been conquered by the Hebrews, also known as Israelites who united under one king, David. David made Jerusalem the capital of the Kingdom of Israel. See History of ancient Israel and Judah for details.
In this period a number of technological innovations spread, most notably iron working and the Phoenician alphabet, developed by the Phoenicians or the Canaanites around the 16th century BC. Also around this time, the the first major monotheist religion developed, Judaism, which is still being practiced by Jews.
During the 9th century BC the Assyrians began to reassert themselves against the incursions of the Aramaeans, and over the next few centuries developed into a powerful and well-organised empire. Their armies were among the first to employ cavalry, which took the place of chariots, and had a reputation for both prowess and brutality. At their height, the Assyrians dominated all of Syria-Israel, Egypt, and Babylonia. However, the empire began to collapse toward the end of the 7th century BC, and was obliterated by an alliance between a resurgent New Kingdom of Babylonia and the Iranian Medes.
The subsequent balance of power was short-lived, though. In the 550s BC the Persians revolted against the Medes and gained control of their empire, and over the next few decades annexed to it the realms of Lydia in Anatolia, Babylonia, and Egypt, as well as consolidating their control over the Iranian plateau nearly as far as India. This vast kingdom was divided up into various satrapies and governed roughly according to the Assyrian model, but with a far lighter hand. Around this time Zoroastrianism became the predominant religion in Persia.
Other related archives10th century BC, 114, 11th, 12th century BC, 13th century BC, 141 BC, 1453, 14th, 15th century BC, 16th, 16th century BC, 17th, 18th, 21st, 224, 24th century BC, 26th century BC, 2nd, 2nd century BC, 31st century BC, 323 BC, 32nd century BC, 338 BC, 391, 449 BC, 476, 492, 4th millennium BC, 550s BC, 610, 636, 64 BC, 650, 7th century BC, 9th century BC, Achaeans, Agriculture, Akkadians, Alexander the Great, Anatolia, Antigonids, Arabian Desert, Arabian Peninsula, Arabs, Arameans, Assyria, Assyrians, Babylonia, Bactria, Bronze age, Byzantine Empire, Byzantines, Canaan, Canaanites, Caucasus Mountains, Christianity, Cilicia, City-states, Crete, David, Egypt, Gaza Strip, Greece, Greek, Hadrian, Hebrews, Heraclius, History, History of Egypt, History of Islam, History of Israel, History of Jordan, History of Lebanon, History of Palestine, History of Syria, History of ancient Israel and Judah, History of present-day nations and states, History of the Middle East, Hittite, Hittites, Hyksos, Iliad, India, Indo-Aryans, Indo-European, Indus Valley, Iran, Islam, Israel, Israelites, Jerusalem, Jews, Jordan, Judaism, Khosrau II of Persia, Kingdom of Israel, Lebanon, Levant, Lydia, Macedon, Manichaeism, Medes, Media, Mediterranean Sea, Mesopotamia, Middle East, Minoans, Mitanni, Mycenae, Names of the Levant, Natufian culture, Neolithic, New Kingdom, Old Kingdom of Egypt, Palestine, Parni, Parthia, Parthian, Persia, Persians, Philistines, Phocas, Phoenician, Phoenician alphabet, Pre-Pottery Neolithic A, Ptolemies, Ramayana, Roman Republic, Rome, Sassanids, Seleucids, Seleucus I Nicator, Sinai, Southwest Asia, Stone age, Sumerians, Syria, Taurus Mountains, Trajan, Ur, Xenophon, Zoroastrianism, coalesce, militias, monotheist, nomadic, satrapies, united, ziggurat
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "The Iron age", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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