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History of mathematics - India 800 BC - 300 BC | | History of mathematics - India 800 BC - 300 BC: Encyclopedia II - History of mathematics - India 800 BC - 300 BC | | There is considerable controversy about the dates of Indian writing during the historical period (that is, writing more recent than that of the Indus Valley Civilization) (see http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucgadkw/position/salomon.html). Some scholars, such as Georg Bühler, date Indian writing as early as the 8th century BC, others from the Maurya dynasty in the 4th century BC. If the earlier date is correct, it is possible that Pythagoras traveled to India and learned mathematics there, as some claim. If the later date is correct, then Indian math ...
See also:History of mathematics, History of mathematics - Mathematics in prehistory, History of mathematics - Early written mathematics 2000 BC - 600 BC, History of mathematics - India 800 BC - 300 BC, History of mathematics - Greece and Hellenistic mathematics 400 BC - 200 BC, History of mathematics - Arab and Persian mathematics 650 - 1200, History of mathematics - Developing the concept of number through equations, History of mathematics - Complex numbers, History of mathematics - Miscellaneous historical notes, History of mathematics - Notes | | | History of mathematics, History of mathematics - Arab and Persian mathematics 650 - 1200, History of mathematics - Complex numbers, History of mathematics - Developing the concept of number through equations, History of mathematics - Early written mathematics 2000 BC - 600 BC, History of mathematics - Greece and Hellenistic mathematics 400 BC - 200 BC, History of mathematics - India 800 BC - 300 BC, History of mathematics - Mathematics in prehistory, History of mathematics - Miscellaneous historical notes, History of mathematics - Notes | | |
| | | History of mathematics: Encyclopedia II - History of mathematics - India 800 BC - 300 BC
History of mathematics - India 800 BC - 300 BC
Main articles: Indian mathematics, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and [[{{{4}}}]], and [[{{{5}}}]]
There is considerable controversy about the dates of Indian writing during the historical period (that is, writing more recent than that of the Indus Valley Civilization) (see http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucgadkw/position/salomon.html). Some scholars, such as Georg Bühler, date Indian writing as early as the 8th century BC, others from the Maurya dynasty in the 4th century BC. If the earlier date is correct, it is possible that Pythagoras traveled to India and learned mathematics there, as some claim. If the later date is correct, then Indian mathematics may have benefited from contact with Greece following the invasion of Alexander. It is also possible that the two mathematical traditions developed independently.
While India did not develop a sustained mathematical tradition until modern times, there are hints of advanced mathematical ideas scattered throughout a large body of non-mathematical writing of uncertain date and authorship. Included are ideas about infinity, negative numbers, irrational numbers, and binary numbers, techniques and algorithms of algebra, square roots and cube roots, methods of transformation, recursion, and combinations and permutations, geometry, trigonometry, logarithms, quadratic equations, cubic equations, mathematical analysis and calculus, as well as the Pythagorean theorem, Pythagorean triples, Pascal's triangle, and Fibonacci numbers, . Vedic mathematics, as it is referred to today, is a separate field of study and courses are offered even in non-Indian universities.
Aryabhata in 499 CE computed the value of Pi to the fourth decimal place as 3.1416, while Madhava in the 14th century computed the value of Pi to the eleventh decimal place as 3.14159265359.
In the 7th century Brahmagupta, in Brahma-Phuta-Siddhanta, lucidly explained the use of zero as a place holder. It was from a translation of this Indian text on mathematics (around 770 CE) that the Arab mathematicians perfected the Hindu-Arabic numerals. Arab scholars carried knowledge of this number system to Europe in the 8th century and it has now displaced all older number systems throughout the world.
Other related archives10th century, 12th century, 13th century, 14th century, 16th century, 18th century BCE, 1900 BC, 19th century, 19th century BCE, 200, 200 BCE, 20000 BC, 212 BC, 287 BC, 35000 BC, 3rd millennium BC, 499, 4th century BC, 5th century, 5th millennium BC, 600 BCE, 7th century, 800, 8th century, 8th century BC, 9th century, Abul Wafa, Africa, Al-Khwarizmi, Alexander, Ancient Greece, Arab, Archimedes, Aristotle, Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, Caliph of Baghdad, China, Diophantus, Egypt, Egyptian, Euclid, Euclid's Elements, Eudoxus, Europe, Fibonacci numbers, France, Georg Bühler, Greek, Greek mathematics, Han Dynasty, Hindu-Arabic numerals, History of mathematics, India, Indian, Indian mathematics, Indus Valley Civilization, Islamic, Islamic mathematics, Italy, Liouville, Madhava, Maurya dynasty, Maya, Maya numerals, Mesopotamia, Mesopotamian, Middle East, Middle Kingdom, Nasir al-Din Tusi, North Africa, Omar Khayyam, Pascal's triangle, Persian, Pi, Predynastic Egyptians, Pythagoras, Pythagorean theorem, Pythagorean triples, Pythagorean triplets, Pythagoreans, Renaissance, Roman, Sieve of Eratosthenes, South Africa, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Syracuse, The Elements, Timeline of mathematics, Vedic mathematics, Zu Chongzhi, algebra, algebraic, algorithms, artifacts, base-20, binary numbers, calculus, calendar, calendar reform, cardinality, circles, combinations and permutations, complex numbers, conics, cube roots, cubic, cubic equations, cuneiform, division by zero, ellipse, ellipses, fractional, geometric, geometry, infinity, irrational numbers, list of mathematicians, logarithms, mathematical analysis, mathematics, method of exhaustion, natural numbers, negative numbers, ochre, paleontologists, parallel postulate, prehistoric, quadratic equations, quantify, quaternions, radicals, rational numbers, real numbers, recursion, spatial, square roots, surreal numbers, tangent, time, transcendental numbers, transformation, trigonometry, zero
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "India 800 BC - 300 BC", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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