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History of Wales - Wales and the Normans | | History of Wales - Wales and the Normans: Encyclopedia II - History of Wales - Wales and the Normans | | At the time of the Norman conquest of England in 1066, the dominant ruler in Wales was Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, who was king of Gwynedd and Powys. The initial Norman successes were in the south, where William Fitz Osbern overran Gwent before 1070. By 1074 the forces of the Earl of Shrewsbury were ravaging Deheubarth.
The killing of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn in 1075 led to civil war and gave the Normans an opportunity to seize lands in North Wales. In 1081 Gruffydd ap Cynan, who had just won the throne of Gwynedd from Trahaearn ap Caradog was entice ...
See also:History of Wales, History of Wales - Prehistoric Wales, History of Wales - Wales under the Romans, History of Wales - Early Mediaeval Wales, History of Wales - Wales and the Normans, History of Wales - Annexation, History of Wales - From the Union to the Industrial Revolution, History of Wales - The Nineteenth Century, History of Wales - The Twentieth Century, History of Wales - The Twenty-first Century | | | History of Wales, History of Wales - Annexation, History of Wales - Early Mediaeval Wales, History of Wales - From the Union to the Industrial Revolution, History of Wales - Prehistoric Wales, History of Wales - The Nineteenth Century, History of Wales - The Twentieth Century, History of Wales - The Twenty-first Century, History of Wales - Wales and the Normans, History of Wales - Wales under the Romans, 1904-1905 Welsh Revival, Welsh Methodist revival, Wales, Welsh Uprising of 1211, Welsh Uprising of 1282, British military history, History of the United Kingdom | | |
| | | History of Wales: Encyclopedia II - History of Wales - Wales and the Normans
History of Wales - Wales and the Normans
At the time of the Norman conquest of England in 1066, the dominant ruler in Wales was Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, who was king of Gwynedd and Powys. The initial Norman successes were in the south, where William Fitz Osbern overran Gwent before 1070. By 1074 the forces of the Earl of Shrewsbury were ravaging Deheubarth.
The killing of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn in 1075 led to civil war and gave the Normans an opportunity to seize lands in North Wales. In 1081 Gruffydd ap Cynan, who had just won the throne of Gwynedd from Trahaearn ap Caradog was enticed to a meeting with the Earls of Chester and Shrewsbury and promptly seized and imprisoned, leading to the seizure of much of Gwynedd by the Normans. In the south, Iestyn ab Gwrgant, the last ruler of the kingdom of Morgannwg, was deposed about 1090 by Robert Fitzhamon, lord of Gloucester, who established a lordship based in Cardiff and subsequently conquered the lowland part of Glamorgan. Rhys ap Tewdwr of Deheubarth was killed in 1093 while resisting Norman encroachment in Brycheiniog, and his kingdom was seized and divided between various Norman lordships. The Norman conquest of Wales appeared virtually complete.
In 1094 however there was a general Welsh revolt against Norman rule, and gradually territories were won back. Gruffydd ap Cynan was eventually able to build a strong kingdom in Gwynedd. His son, Owain Gwynedd, allied with Gruffydd ap Rhys of Deheubarth won a crushing victory over the Normans at the Battle of Crug Mawr in 1136 and annexed Ceredigion. Owain followed his father on the throne of Gwynedd the following year and ruled until his death in 1170.
Powys also had a strong ruler at this time in Madog ap Maredudd, but when his death in 1160 was quickly followed by the death of his heir, Llywelyn ap Madog, Powys was split into two parts and never subsequently reunited. In the south, Gruffydd ap Rhys was killed in 1137, but his four sons, who all ruled Deheubarth in turn, were eventually able to win back most of their grandfather's kingdom from the Normans. The youngest of the four, Rhys ap Gruffydd (The Lord Rhys) ruled from 1155 to 1193, and after Owain Gwynedd's death led to the splitting of Gwynedd between his sons, Rhys made Deheubarth dominant in Wales for a time.
Out of the power struggle in Gwynedd eventually arose one of the greatest of Welsh leaders, Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, also known as Llywelyn Fawr (the Great), who was sole ruler of Gwynedd by the end of the 12th century and by his death in 1240 was effectively ruler of much of Wales. Internal strife again broke out when Llywelyn's son and successor, Dafydd ap Llywelyn died suddenly without leaving an heir in 1246. A period of internal conflict ended in the rise to power of Llywelyn the Great's grandson, Llywelyn ap Gruffydd (a.k.a. Llywelyn the Last). Llywellyn's ambition in uniting Wales under his leadership conflicted with Edward I of England's suzerinity of Wales, and war followed. After Llywelyn's death when he was surprised away from his army at Cilmeri in 1282, his brother Dafydd ap Gruffydd continued the resistance, but was never able to gain control of any large part of Wales. He was captured in 1283 and executed by hanging, drawing and quartering at Shrewsbury.
Other related archives1066, 10th century, 11th century, 1282, 1283, 1301, 1400, 1485, 14th century, 1588, 1731, 17th century, 1826, 1830s, 1831, 1839, 1880s, 1890s, 18th century, 1900, 1904-1905 Welsh Revival, 1925, 1936, 1955, 1962, 1966, 1997, 19th century, 410, 500, 700, 8th century, 9th century, Aberfan, Abergele, Aberystwyth, Angles, Anglesey, Anglican, Anglicanism, Barclodiad y Gawres, Basques, Battle of Bosworth, Battle of Crug Mawr, Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, Boadicea, Brigantes, Britannia Prima, Britannia Superior, British military history, Bronze Age, Bryn Celli Ddu, Cadwallon ap Cadfan, Caerwent, Caius Suetonius Paulinus, Capel Celyn, Caratacus, Cardiff, Carmarthenshire, Celtic languages, Celts, Ceredigion, Charles I of England, Chartist, Christian, Church of England, Cilmeri, Cornwall, Cumbria, Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg, Cymru Fydd, D. J. Williams, Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Dafydd ap Gwilym, Dafydd ap Llywelyn, Daniel Rowland, David Lloyd George, Deceangli, Deheubarth, Early Bronze Age, Edward I of England, England, England and Wales, First World War, Free Wales Army, Glamorgan, Gloucester, Gnaeus Julius Agricola, Government of Wales Act, Gower Peninsula, Great Orme, Griffith Jones (Llanddowror), Gruffydd ap Cynan, Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, Gruffydd ap Rhys, Gwent, Gwynedd, Gwynfor Evans, Harold Godwinson, Henry IV of England, Henry VII of England, Henry VIII of England, History of the United Kingdom, Howell Harris, Hywel Dda, Ice age, Iestyn ab Gwrgant, Illtud, Industrial Revolution, Ireland, Iron Age, John Frost, John Jones Maesygarnedd, Keir Hardie, Labour, Laws in Wales Acts 1535-1542, Lewis Valentine, Liberal Party, Liverpool, Lleyn peninsula, Llyn Cerrig Bach, Llywelyn ap Gruffydd, Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, Ludlow, Machynlleth, Madog ap Maredudd, Maelgwn Gwynedd, Mercia, Merthyr Tydfil, Mesolithic, Millennium Stadium, Morgan Llwyd, Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru, Neolithic, Newport, Nonconformism, Norman, Northumbria, Offa, Offa's Dyke, Ordovices, Owain Gwynedd, Owen Glendower, Paleolithic, Pen Dinas, Pengwern, Penyberth, Plaid Cymru, Powys, Presbyterian Church of Wales, Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Publius Ostorius Scapula, Pwllheli, Rebecca Riots, Red Lady of Paviland, Rhodri Mawr, Rhondda, Rhys ap Gruffydd, Rhys ap Tewdwr, Richard III of England, Robert Fitzhamon, Roman, Saint David, Saunders Lewis, Saxons, Scotland, Second World War, Sextus Julius Frontinus, Shrewsbury, Silures, Statute of Rhuddlan, Sunday schools, T. E. Ellis, Teilo, Trahaearn ap Caradog, Tre'r Ceiri, Treachery of the Blue Books, Turnpike, United Kingdom, Wales, Wales Millennium Centre, Wars of the Three Kingdoms, Welsh, Welsh Assembly, Welsh Church Act 1914, Welsh Methodist revival, Welsh language, Welsh laws, Western Europe, William Fitz Osbern, William Morgan, William Williams Pantycelyn, bronze, chambered tombs, chariots, copper, devolution, disestablishment, gold, government, hanging, drawing and quartering, human, industrialisation, ivory, limestone, mammoth, national autonomy, new town, nonconformity, red ochre, shells, skeleton, steel, stone age, twentieth century, votive offerings
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Wales and the Normans", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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