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History of Korea - Balhae and Unified Silla

History of Korea - Balhae and Unified Silla: Encyclopedia II - History of Korea - Balhae and Unified Silla

Main articles: Balhae, Unified Silla In 660, King Munmu of Silla ordered his armies to attack Baekje. General Kim Yu-shin, aided by Tang forces, defeated General Ge-Baek and conquered Baekje. In 661, he moved on Goguryeo but was repelled. King Munmu ordered General Kim to launch another campaign in 667 and, in 668, Goguryeo fell. The post-668 Silla kingdom is often referred to as Unified Silla. Unified Silla lasted for 267 years u ...

History of Korea: Encyclopedia II - History of Korea - Balhae and Unified Silla

History of Korea - Balhae and Unified Silla

Main articles: Balhae, Unified Silla

In 660, King Munmu of Silla ordered his armies to attack Baekje. General Kim Yu-shin, aided by Tang forces, defeated General Ge-Baek and conquered Baekje. In 661, he moved on Goguryeo but was repelled. King Munmu ordered General Kim to launch another campaign in 667 and, in 668, Goguryeo fell. The post-668 Silla kingdom is often referred to as Unified Silla.

Unified Silla lasted for 267 years until, under King Gyeongsun, it was replaced by Goryeo in 935.

The state of Balhae (Bohai or Pohai in Chinese) was founded in the former lands of Goguryeo by Dae Joyeong. Balhae controlled the northernmost areas of the Korean Peninsula, parts of Manchuria (but not the Liaodong Peninsula), and expanded into the region which is today's Russian Maritime Province. Balhae styled itself as Goguryeo's successor state. It also modeled itself on the Tang Empire, for example in the layout of its capitals.

In a time of relative peace and stability in the region, Balhae culture flourished, especially during the long reign of the third king, Mun Wang (r. 737-793). Like Silla culture, the culture of Balhae was strongly influenced by Buddhism. However, Balhae was severely weakened (many presume in-fighting) by the tenth century, and the Khitan Liao Dynasty conquered Balhae in 926.

No historical records from Balhae have survived, and the Liao left no histories of Balhae. Goryeo (see below) absorbed some Balhae territory and received Balhae refugees, including the royal family, but compiled no known histories of Balhae either. The Samguk Sagi, for instance, includes passages on Balhae, but does not include a dynastic history of Balhae (as it does of the Three Kingdoms). The eighteenth century Joseon historian Yu Deukgong advocated the proper study of Balhae as part of Korean history, and coined the term "South-North Nations Period" to refer to this era.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Balhae and Unified Silla", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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