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Fruit tree propagation - Grafting | | Fruit tree propagation - Grafting: Encyclopedia II - Fruit tree propagation - Grafting | | The essentials of our present methods of propagating of fruit trees date from the time of the Romans, who were apparently the first to discover grafting. Classical authors wrote extensively about the technicals skills of fruit cultivation, including grafting techniques and rootstock selection. The oldest surviving named varieties of fruits date from classical times.
The simplest method of propagating a tree asexually is rooting. A cutting (a piece of the parent plant) is cut and stuck into soil. Artificial rooting hormon ...
See also:Fruit tree propagation, Fruit tree propagation - Grafting, Fruit tree propagation - Bud grafting, Fruit tree propagation - Whip and Tongue grafting, Fruit tree propagation - Apple rootstocks, Fruit tree propagation - Pear Rootstocks, Fruit tree propagation - Cherries, Fruit tree propagation - Plums, Fruit tree propagation - Own-Root Fruit Trees, Fruit tree propagation - Own-root apples in a Permaculture design, Fruit tree propagation - External link | | | Fruit tree propagation, Fruit tree propagation - Apple rootstocks, Fruit tree propagation - Bud grafting, Fruit tree propagation - Cherries, Fruit tree propagation - External link, Fruit tree propagation - Grafting, Fruit tree propagation - Own-Root Fruit Trees, Fruit tree propagation - Own-root apples in a Permaculture design, Fruit tree propagation - Pear Rootstocks, Fruit tree propagation - Plums, Fruit tree propagation - Whip and Tongue grafting, Fruit tree forms, Pruning fruit trees, Fruit tree pollination, Orchards | | |
| | | Fruit tree propagation: Encyclopedia II - Fruit tree propagation - Grafting
Fruit tree propagation - Grafting
The essentials of our present methods of propagating of fruit trees date from the time of the Romans, who were apparently the first to discover grafting. Classical authors wrote extensively about the technicals skills of fruit cultivation, including grafting techniques and rootstock selection. The oldest surviving named varieties of fruits date from classical times.
The simplest method of propagating a tree asexually is rooting. A cutting (a piece of the parent plant) is cut and stuck into soil. Artificial rooting hormones are sometimes used to assure success. If the cutting does not die of desiccation first, roots grow from the buried portion of the cutting and it become a complete plant. Though this works well for some plants (such as figs and olives), most fruit trees are unsuited to this method.
Root cuttings (pieces of root induced to grown a new trunk) are used with some kinds of plants. This method also is suitable only for some plants.
A refinement on rooting is layering. This is rooting a piece of a wood that is still attached to its parent and continues to receive nourishment from it. The new plant is severed only after it has successfully grown roots. Layering is the technique most used for propagation of clonal apple rootstocks.
The most common method of propagating fruit trees, suitable for nearly all species, is grafting onto rootstocks. These are varieties selected for characteristics such as their vigour of growth, hardiness, soil tolerance, and compatibility with the desired variety that will form the aerial part of the plant (called the scion). For example, grape rootstocks descended from North American grapes allow European grapes to be grown in areas infested with Phylloxera, a soil-dwelling insect that attacks and kills European grapes when grown on their own roots. Grafting is the process of joining these two varieties, ensuring maximum contact between the cambium tissue (that is, the layer of growing plant material just below the bark) of each so that they grow together successfully. Two of the most common grafting techniques are 'whip and tongue', carried out in spring as the sap rises, and 'budding', which is performed around July and August.
Fruit tree propagation - Bud grafting
# Cut a slice of bud and bark from the parent tree.
- Cut a similar sliver off the rootstock, making a little lip at the base to slot the scion into.
- Join the two together and bind.
- In time, the scion bud will grow into a shoot, which will develop into the desired tree.
Fruit tree propagation - Whip and Tongue grafting
- Make a sloping cut in the rootstock with a 'tongue' pointing up.
- Make a matching cut in the scion wood with a 'tongue' pointing downwards.
- Join the two, ensuring maximum contact of the cambium layers. Bind with rafia or polythene tape and seal with grafting wax.
Other related archives1970s, Antonovka, August, Bramley, European, Fig, Fruit tree forms, Fruit tree pollination, Gardening, Horticulture, July, North American, Orchards, Organic gardening, Pears, Perennial, Permaculture, Phylloxera, Plum, Prune, Pruning fruit trees, Romans, Sexual reproduction, Trees, apple, apricots, bark, biodiversity, bramble, bud, cambium, cherries, coppice-ability, drought, figs, filbert, flower, fruit, fruit trees, gene, gooseberry, grafting, grape, irrigation, nectarines, nitrogen, olive, olives, orchard, ovules, parent, peaches, pear, pollen, polythene, pomegranate, quince, rootstock, rootstocks, seed, shoot, spring, stone fruits, summer, tape, tissue, tree, wax, winter, wood
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Grafting", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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