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Clinical depression - Types of depression | | Clinical depression - Types of depression: Encyclopedia II - Clinical depression - Types of depression | |
Clinical depression - Major Depression.
Major Depression, or, more properly, 'Major Depressive Disorder' (MDD) is characterized by a severely depressed mood that persists for at least two weeks, and is generally recognized to contain an organic (chemical) component. Major Depressive Disorder is specified as either "a single episode" or "recurrent", as periods of depression may ...
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| | | Clinical depression: Encyclopedia II - Clinical depression - Types of depression
Clinical depression - Types of depression
Clinical depression - Major Depression
Major Depression, or, more properly, 'Major Depressive Disorder' (MDD) is characterized by a severely depressed mood that persists for at least two weeks, and is generally recognized to contain an organic (chemical) component. Major Depressive Disorder is specified as either "a single episode" or "recurrent", as periods of depression may occur as discrete events or as recurrent over the lifespan.
Diagnosticians recognize several sub-types of Major Depressive Disorder.
- Catatonic Features Specification - Catatonia is characterized by motoric immobility evidenced by catalepsy or stupor. This MDD sub-type may also manifest excessive, non-prompted motor activity (akathesia), extreme negativism and/or mutism, and peculiarities in movement, including stereotypical movements, prominent mannerisms, and/or prominent grimacing. There may also be evidence of echolalia or echopraxia.
- Melancholic Features Specification - Melancholia is characterized by a loss of pleasure (anhedonia) in most or all activities, a failure of reactivity to pleasurable stimuli, a quality of depressed mood more pronounced than that of grief or loss, a worsening of symptoms in the morning hours, early morning waking, psychomotor retardation, anorexia (excessive weight loss, not to be confused with Anorexia Nervosa), and/or excessive guilt.
- Atypical Features Specification Atypicality is characterized by mood reactivity (paradoxical anhedonia) and positivity, significant weight gain or increased appetite, excessive sleep or somnolence (hypersomnia), leaden paralysis, and/or significant social impairment as a consequence of hyper-sensitivity to perceived interpersonal rejection.
- Psychotic Features Specification presents with hallucinations or delusions that are either mood-congruent (content coincident with depressive themes) or non-mood-congruent (content not coincident with depressive themes). It is clinically more common to encounter a delusional system as an adjunct to depression than to encounter hallucinations, whether visual or auditory.
Clinical depression - Other Categories of Depression
Dysthymia is a long-term, mild depression that lasts for a minimum two years. By definition the symptoms are not as severe as with Major Depression, although those with Dysthymia are vulnerable to co-occurring episodes of Major Depression. This disorder often begins in adolescence, and crosses the lifespan.
Bipolar I Disorder is an episodic illness in which moods may cycle between mania and depression. In the US, Bipolar Disorder was previously referred to as "Manic Depression". This term is no longer favored by the medical community as not all Bipolar individuals will present depressive symptoms. "Manic Depression" is still often used in the non-medical community.
Bipolar II Disorder is an episodic illness that is defined primarily by depression, but evidences episodes of hypomania.
Other related archives"fight or flight", 10, 2004, 4, 5-HTP, ACTH, Anorexia Nervosa, Antipsychotics, Atypical Features Specification, Beck Depression Inventory, Behavioral therapy, Bipolar Disorder, Bipolar I Disorder, Bipolar II, Bipolar II Disorder, Bipolar disorder, Chemical imbalance theory, Cognitive therapy, Cyclothymia, DSM cautionary statement, DSM-IV-TR, Depressed mood, Dysthymia, ECT, Ebers papyrus, Electroconvulsive therapy, Emory University, Evolutionary theory, Family systems therapy, Fatigue, Galen, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Heim, Heredity, Hypoadrenia, Hypomania, ICD-9, January, Learned helplessness, List of people who have suffered from depression, Lithium, Maastricht University, Mania, Meditation, Melancholic Features Specification, Moclobemide, Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, Narrative therapy, Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, Omega-3 fatty acids, Omega-6 fatty acids, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, Peter Breggin, Physiology, Post-traumatic stress disorder, Postpartum depression, Psychological, Psychotic Features Specification, Quetiapine, Relapse, Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, Russia, S-adenosyl methionine, San Diego, Seasonal affective disorder, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, Short-term memory, Stanford University, Stress, Styron, William, Symptoms, Systematic review, Tachyphylaxis, Tolle, Eckhart, Tranquillizers, Tricyclic antidepressants, USSR, University of California, University of Pisa, University of Pittsburgh, Vagus nerve stimulation, Western countries, Wolpert, Lewis, World Health Organization, abandonment, abuse, adolescence, age of onset, agency, aggression, akathitic, alcohol, amitriptyline, anticonvulsants, antidepressant, anxiety, apathy, appetite, atropine, benzodiazepine, benzodiazepines, bipolar disorder, birth control pills, buspirone, cannabis, canola oil, carbamazepine, catalepsy, catatonic states, cerebral cortex, children, citation needed, clonazepam, co-morbid, constructionism, controlled, cortex, death, delusions, depression, desipramine, diarrhea, disability, dopamine, drugs, duloxetine, eating disorders, echolalia, echopraxia, electricity, electro-convulsive therapy, emotion, epileptic, escitalopram, exercise, fatty acids, fear, flax seeds, fluoxetine, four humours, general anaesthesia, group therapy, guilt, hallucinations, heart, heart disease, hemp seeds, hepatitis, hypomania, hypothyroidism, individual therapy, insomnia, insulin, insulin coma, intensively farmed, interpersonal skills, intravenous infusion, lamotrigine, light, magnesium, mania, mean, medication, melancholia, melatonin, memory, menopause, mental disorders, meta-analysis, methionine, mononucleosis, mood, mood congruence, moods, muscle, nausea, neglect, neurotransmitters, nightmares, norepinephrine, oily fish, olanzapine, panic, paranoid, paroxetine, partial hospitalization, perfectionism, phenotype, phototherapy, pleasure, pregnancy, psychiatric hospitalization, psychopharmacology, psychoses, psychotherapy, psychotic, randomized controlled trials, rational, reboxetine, reflective, relapse, religions, repression, retina, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A, risperidone, sadness, schizophrenia, seasonal affective disorder, sedatives, seizure, seizures, self-esteem, self-harm, serotonin, sertraline, side effects, sleep, sodium valproate, somnolence, steroids, stress, suicide, sunburn, sunlight, sympathetic nervous system, systematic review, tardive dyskinesia, thirst, traumatic, tremors, tryptophan, ultra-violet, unemployment, vagus nerve, venlafaxine, visible light, vision, walking, walnuts, weight
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Types of depression", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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