 | Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas: Encyclopedia - Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas
Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas
Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas - United States and Canada
Ethnographers commonly classify indigenous peoples in the United States and Canada into ten geographical regions with shared cultural traits (called cultural areas). The following list groups peoples by their region of origin, followed by the current location. See the individual article on each tribe or First Nation for a history of their movements. See the List of Native American Tribal Entities for the United States' official list of recognized Native American tribes. The regions are:
Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas - Arctic
Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas - Subarctic
- Ahtna (Ahtena, Nabesna)
- Atikamekw
- Babine
- Bearlake
- Chipewyan
- Chilcotin
- Cree
- Dakelh
- Deg Hit'an (Deg Xinag, Degexit'an, Ingalik)
- Dogrib
- Han
- Hare
- Holikachuk
- Innu
- Kaska (Nahane)
- Kolchan (Upper Kuskokwim)
- Koyukon
- Kutchin
- Mountain
- Naskapi
- Nishka
- Ojibwa
- Sekani
- Slavey (Dialects: Hay River, Simpson Providence, Liard, Fort Nelson)
- Tagish
- Tahltan
- Lower Tanana
- Middle Tanana
- Upper Tanana
- Tanacross
- Tanaina (Dialects: Outer Inlet, Upper Inlet, Iliama, Inland, Kachemak Bay, Kenai, Susitna River)
- Tasttine (Beaver)
- Inland Tlingit
- Tsetsaut
- Tsimishian
- Northern Tutchone
- Southern Tutchone
- Wet'suwet'en
- Yellowknife
Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas - California
- Achomawi (Pit River Indians)
- Antoniaño
- Atsugewi
- Bear River
- Cahuilla
- Campo
- Chemehuevi
- Chukchansi
- Chumash (Dialects: Roseño, Purisimeño, Barbareño, Inezeño, Ventureño, Obispeño, Santa Paula, Cruzeño, Emigdiano Allilik)
- Chilula
- Chimariko
- Costanoan (Dialects: Ramaytush, San Jose, Juichen, Chocheño, Tamyen, Awaswas, Chalon, Mutsun, Rumsen)
- Cupeño
- Diegueño
- Esselen
- Fernandeño - see Tataviam
- Gabrieliño - see Tongva
- Giamina
- Huchnom
- Hupa
- Ipai
- Jamul
- Juaneño
- Kamia
- Karok
- Kato
- Kiliwa
- Kitanemuk
- Klamath
- Konomihu
- Konkow
- Kumeyaay (Diegueño)
- Lassik
- Luiseño
- Maidu
- Mattole
- Mesa Grande
- Migueleño
- Mission Indians
- Miwok (Me-wuk)
- Modoc
- Mohave
- Monache
- Nakipa
- Nisenan
- Nomlaki
- Nongatl
- Ohlone
- Paipai (Akwa'ala)
- Paiute
- Patwin
- Pit River - see Achomawi
- Pomo
- Quechan
- Rumsen
- Salinan
- San Clemente
- San Nicolas
- Santa Catalina
- Serrano
- Shasta tribe
- Sinkyone
- Tache
- Tachi tribe
- Tataviam (Fernandeño)
- Tipai
- Tolowa
- Tongva (Gabrieliño)
- Tsnungwe
- Tubatulabal
- Wailaki
- Wappo
- Washoe
- Whilkut
- Wintu
- Wintun
- Wiyot
- Yahi
- Yana
- Yocha Dehe
- Yokuts
- Yuki
- Coast Yuki
- Yurok
Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas - Eastern Woodlands
- Abenaki
- Abitibi, see Algonquin
- Accohannock Maryland
- Algonquian lower Saint Lawrence River
- Algonquin (Outaouais and Abitibi) Quebec
- Beothuk formerly Newfoundland, no longer exist
- Caniba
- Conoy
- Erie
- Etchemin Quebec (Maliseet)
- Fox
- Ho-Chunk Wisconsin
- Honniasont Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia
- Huron/Wyandot Ontario south of Georgian Bay, now Oklahoma and Wendake, Quebec
- Illinois (Illini) Illinois
- Iroquois New York
- Cayuga
- Mohawk Kahnawake, Quebec
- Oneida
- Onondaga
- Seneca
- Tuscarora
- Kickapoo Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas
- Laurentian
- Lenni-Lenape Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, now Oklahoma
- Loup A
- Loup B
- Maliseet Maine, Quebec, and New Brunswick, Canada
- Mascouten
- Massachusett Massachusetts
- Menominee
- Miami Indiana, now Oklahoma
- Mingo Pennsylvania, Ohio
- Mahican
- Micmac
- Mohegan
- Montauk New York
- Munsee
- Nanticoke
- Narragansett Rhode Island
- Natick
- Neutral
- Nipissing
- Nipmuck Massachusetts
- Ojibwa (Chippewa, Anishaabe) Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, North Dakota, Montana)
- Oji-Cree
- Ottawa
- Outaouais, see Algonquin
- Paugusset Connecticut
- Passamaquoddy Maine
- Penobscot Maine
- Peoria Illinois, now Oklahoma
- Pequot
- Petun
- Pocumtuk
- Poospatuck New York
- Potawatomi Michigan
- Powhatan Virginia
- Quiripi
- Ramapough Mountain Indians New Jersey
- Hopewell Ohio and Black River region
- Saponi Virginia
- Sauk
- Saulteaux
- Schaghticoke Western Connecticut
- Secotan
- Shawnee Ohio, Pennsylvania [most ended up in Oklahoma]
- Shinnecock New York
- Souriquoian
- Susquahannock
- Tarrantine (Tarranteen), see Abenaki, Micmac
- Unalachtigo
- Unami
- Unquachog
- Wampanoag Massachusetts
- Wappinger
- Wawenoc
- Wea
- Wenrohronon Pennsylvania and New York
- Winnebago Wisconsin around Green Bay, now Nebraska
- Wyandot/Huron Ontario south of Georgian Bay, now Oklahoma and Wendake, Quebec
Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas - Great Basin
- Bannock
- Chemehuevi
- Gosiute Utah
- Kawaiisu
- Koso
- Mono
- Owen's Valley (Native Amricans)
- Northern Paiute California, Nevada, Oregon [Burns-Paiute], Arizona
- Southern Paiute (Kaibab)
- Panamint
- Paviotso
- Shoshone (Shoshoni) Nevada, Wyoming, California
- Timbisha
- Ute Utah, Colorado
- Washo Nevada, California
Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas - Plateau
- Cayuse Oregon
- Celilo (Wayampam)
- Upper Chinookan (Dialects: Clackamas, Cascades, Hood River Wasco, Wishram Kathlamet, Wishram, Cathlamet, Multnomah,
- Columbian (Dialects: Wenatchee, Sinkayuse, Chelan)
- Coeur d'Alene Idaho
- Colville Washington
- Upper Cowlitz
- Flatbow
- Flathead
- Fountain
- John Day
- Kalispel Washington
- Kittitas
- Klamath
- Klikitat Washington
- Kootenai Idaho
- Lakes
- St'at'imc aka the Lillooet people
- Lower Snake (Chamnapam, Wauyukma, Naxiyampam)
- Modoc
- Molala (Molale) Oregon
- Nez Perce Idaho
- Nicola
- Nlaka'pamux aka the Thompson people
- Okanagan (Dialects: Northern and Southern)
- Palus (Palouse)
- Pend'Oreilles
- Rock Creek
- Sahaptin
- Sanpoil
- Wecwepemc aka the Shuswap people
- Spokane, Washington
- Tenino
- Tsilhqot'in aka the Chilcotin people
- Tygh
- Tygh Valley
- Umatilla Oregon
- Upper Nisqually (Mishalpan)
- Walla Walla Oregon
- Wanapum
- Wasco Oregon
- Yakima Washington
Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas - Northwest Coast
- Ahantchuyuk - see Kalapuya
- Alsea
- Applegate
- Atfalati - see Kalapuya
- Bella Bella
- Bella Coola
- Calapooia - see Kalapuya
- Calapuya - see Kalapuya
- Central Kalapuya - see Kalapuya
- Chasta Costa
- Chehalis (Upper and Lower) Washington
- Chemakum Washington
- Chetco
- Chilliwak
- Chinook Dialects: (Lower Chinook, Upper Chinook, Clackamas, Wasco)
- Chinook Jargon
- Clatsop
- Clatskanie (Tlatskanie)
- Comox
- Coos {Hanis} Oregon
- Lower Coquille (Miluk) Oregon
- Upper Coquille
- Cowichan
- Lower Cowlitz Washington
- Duwamish Washington
- Eyak Alaska
- Galice
- Haida (Dialects: Kaigani, Skidegate, Masset) Alaska
- Haihai
- Haisla
- Halkomelem
- Heiltsuk
- Hoh Washington
- Kalapuya (Calapooia, Calapuya)
- North Kalapuya
- Yamhill (Yamel)
- Tualatin
- Tfalati (Atfalati)
- Central Kalapuya
- Santiam
- Mary's River
- Lakmiut
- Ahantchuyuk
- Lower McKenzie (Mohawk)
- South Kalapuya (Yonkalla, Yoncalla)
- Kimsquit
- Kitimat
- Klallam (Clallam, Dialects: Klallam (Lower Elwha), S'Klallam (Jamestown), S'Klallam (Port Gamble))
- Klemtu
- Klickitat
- Koskimo
- Kwalhioqua
- Kwakiutl (Kwakwala or Kwakwa'kwa'kw)
- Kwalhioqua
- Kwantlem
- Kwatami
- Lakmiut - see Kalapuya
- Lower McKenzie - see Kalapuya
- Lummi Washington
- Lushootseed
- Makah Washington
- Mary's River - see Kalapuya
- Muckleshoot Washington
- Musqueam
- Nanaimo
- Niskwalli
- Nooksack Washington
- North Kalapuya - see Kalapuya
- Nisqually Washington
- Oowekyala
- Pentlatch
- Puyallup Washington
- Quileute Washington
- Quinault Washington
- Rogue River or Upper Illinois Oregon, California
- Saanich
- Samish
- Santiam - see Kalapuya
- Sauk-Suiattle Washington
- Sechelt
- Shoalwater Bay Tribe Washington
- Siletz Oregon
- Siuslaw Oregon
- Skagit
- Skokomish Washington
- Sliammon
- Snohomish
- Snoqualmie
- Stó:lō
- Songish
- Sooke
- South Kalapuya - see Kalapuya
- Squaxin Island Tribe Washington
- Spokane Washington
- Stillaguamish Washington
- Squamish British Columbia
- Suquamish Washington
- Swinomish Washington
- Tait
- Takelma Oregon
- Talio
- Tfalati - see Kalapuya
- Tillamook (Nehalem) Oregon
- Tlatlasikoala
- Tlingit Alaska
- Tolowa-Tututni
- Tsimshian (Dialects: Hartley Bay, Prince Rupert, Gitando, Kitkatla)
- Tualatin - see Kalapuya
- Tulalip Washington
- Twana
- Lower Umpqua Oregon
- Upper Umpqua Oregon
- Upper Skagit Washington
- Yamel - see Kalapuya
- Yamhill - see Kalapuya
- Yaquina
- Yoncalla - see Kalapuya
- Yonkalla - see Kalapuya
Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas - Plains
- Arapaho Wyoming, Oklahoma
- Arikara (aka Arikaree or Ree) North Dakota
- Assiniboine (Assiniboin) Montana Fort Peck Indian Reservation is home to Assiniboine and Lakota (Sioux)
- Atsina
- Besawunena
- Blackfoot Montana/Alberta (bands: Kainah or Blood, Siksiki, Northern Peigan, Piegan or Blackfeet)
- Brulé
- Cheyenne Montana, South Dakota; Oklahoma
- Chickasaw Oklahoma
- Comanche Oklahoma
- Crow (Absaroka or Apsáalooke) Montana, South Dakota
- Chippewa Cree, Montana
- Plains Cree Montana
- Dakota
- Gros Ventre
- Hasinai
- Hidatsa North Dakota
- Iowa (Ioway) Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma
- Kaw (Kansa) Oklahoma
- Kiowa Oklahoma
- Kitsai
- Lakota (Sioux) South Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska
- Lipan Apache
- Mandan North Dakota
- Missouri Missouri
- Nawathinehena
- Naskapi
- Oglala Sioux
- Omaha Nebraska
- Mississaugas
- Osage Nation Oklahoma
- Otoe Oklahoma
- Ottawa Michigan; Oklahoma
- Pawnee (Dialects: South Band, Skiri) Oklahoma
- Powhatans
- Piegan
- Plains Apache (Kiowa-Apache) Oklahoma
- Ponca Nebraska, Oklahoma
- Quapaw (Arkansas) Arkansas, Oklahoma
- Santee
- Sauk (originally Great Lakes now Kansas, Oklahoma, Iowa
- Saulteaux (Plains Ojibwe)
- Siksika
- Sioux (Lakota, Dakota, Nakota) Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota)
- Stoney
- Teton
- Tonkawa Oklahoma
- Tsuu T’ina (Sarcee, Sarsi, Tsuut’ina)
- Wichita Oklahoma [Affiliated Tribes - Wichita, Waco, Tawakoni, Keechi]
- Wyandot Ontario, Michigan
- Yankton
- Yanktonai
- Zuni
Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas - Southeast
- Adaes - see Adai
- Adahi - see Adai
- Adai (Adaizan, Adaizi, Adaise, Adahi, Adaes, Adees, Atayos) Louisiana
- Adaise - see Adai
- Adaizan - see Adai
- Adaizi - see Adai
- Adees - see Adai
- Ais Florida
- Akokisa
- Alabama Alabama
- Apalachee Florida
- Apalachicola Georgia, Florida
- Atakapa (Attacapa)
- Atayos - see Adai
- Attacapa - see Atakapa
- Avoyel
- Bidai
- Biloxi Mississippi
- Caddo Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas
- Calusa Florida
- Catawba South Carolina
- Chacato Florida
- Chatot
- Chawasha
- Cherokee North Carolina; later Oklahoma
- Chiaha
- Chickahominy Virginia
- Chickamauga
- Chickasaw Mississippi, South Carolina, North Carolina, later Oklahoma
- Chisca Florida
- Chitimacha Louisiana
- Choctaw Mississippi, Alabama, and parts of Louisiana; later Oklahoma
- Creek Alabama; Oklahoma, Georgia
- Coushatta Louisiana
- Coharie North Carolina
- Cusabo coastal Florida
- Eyeish
- Garza Texas, northern Mexico
- Grigra
- Guacata Florida
- Guale coastal Florida
- Hitchiti Georgia, Alabama, Florida
- Houma Louisiana
- Iswa
- Jaega Florida
- Jobe Florida
- Koasati
- Koroa
- Lumbee North Carolina
- Mattaponi Virginia
- Mayaimi Florida
- Meherrin North Carolina
- Mikasuki (Miccosukee) Florida
- Mobile
- Mocama
- Mococo Florida
- Monacan Virginia
- Movila western Florida
- Nansemond Virginia
- Natchez Mississippi, Louisiana
- Nottoway
- Ofo
- Oconee Georgia, Florida
- Opelousa
- Pamlico (Carolina)
- Pamunkey Virginia
- Pascagoula
- Pee Dee South Carolina, North Carolina
- Pensacola
- Pohoy Florida
- Rappahannock Virginia
- Saluda South Carolina
- Saponi
- Seminole Florida; Oklahoma
- Taensa
- Tawasa
- Tequesta Florida
- Terocodame
- Codam
- Hieroquodame
- Oodame
- Perocodame
- Teroodame
- Timucua (Utina) Florida
- Tiou
- Tocobaga Florida
- Topachula Florida
- Tuscarora North Carolina, Virginia (later Niagara Falls, NY)
- Tuskegee
- Tutelo
- Tunica Mississippi
- Waccamaw North Carolina, South Carolina
- Winyaw South Carolina
- Woccon
- Yamasee Florida
- Yazoo
- Yuchi
Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas - Central and South America
The indigenous peoples of Central and South America are generally classified by language, environment, and cultural similarities.
Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas - Caribbean
- Arawak
- Carib
- Ciboney
- Kuna
Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas - Mesoamerica
- Aztec
- Alaguilac
- Huastec
- Lenca
- Maya
- Ch'ol
- Ixil
- Jacaltec
- Kaqchikel
- Kekchi
- Mam
- Pocomam
- Quiché
- Tzotzil
- Tzeltal
- Tz'utujil
- Xinca
- Mazatec
- Mixtec
- Olmec
- Pancho Indians
- Pipil
- Seri
- Tarahumara
- Tarascan (Purépechas)
- Toltec
- Totonac
- Xochiapulcos
- Yaqui
- Zacapoaxtlas
- Zapotec
Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas - Andean
- Atacameño
- Aymara
- Conchucos
- Diaguita
- Inca
- Kogi
- Saraguro
- Wanka
Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas - Sub-Andean
- Panoan
- Shuar (Jívaro, Jibaro)
Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas - Western Amazon
- Amahuaca
- Candoshi
- Flecheiro
- Huaorani
- Kanamari
- Korubu
- Kugapakori-Nahua
- Kulina
- Marubo
- Mashco-Piro
- Matis
- Mayoruna
- Sharpas
- Tsohom Djapá
- Tukanoan
- Witoto
- Yaminahua
- Yora
Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas - Central Amazon
- Arawak
- Caboclos
- Kayapo
- Tapirape
- Tupian
- Yanomami
Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas - Eastern and Southern Amazon
Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas - Southern Cone
- Araucanian (Mapuche)
- Puelche
- Tehuelche
- Yamana
- Kaweshkar
- Selknam
Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas - Languages
- For a general discussion, see Indigenous languages of the Americas
- For a grouping of languages by culture area, see Category:Indigenous languages of the Americas.
Categories: Articles to be merged | Indigenous peoples of the Americas | Native American tribes | Indigenous languages of the Americas
Other related archivesAbenaki, Accohannock, Achomawi, Adai, Ahtna, Ais, Akokisa, Alabama, Alaguilac, Aleut, Algonquian, Algonquin, Alsea, Andean, Apalachee, Apalachicola, Arapaho, Araucanian, Arawak, Arikara, Arkansas, Articles to be merged, Assiniboine, Atakapa, Atfalati, Atikamekw, Atsina, Atsugewi, Avoyel, Aymara, Aztec, Babine, Bannock, Bella Bella, Bella Coola, Beothuk, Biloxi, Blackfoot, Bororo, Brulé, Caddo, Cahuilla, Calusa, Campo, Canada, Carib, Caribbean, Carolina, Cascades, Catawba, Category:Indigenous languages of the Americas, Cayuga, Cayuse, Central, Central Amazon, Ch'ol, Chehalis, Chelan, Chemakum, Chemehuevi, Cherokee, Cheyenne, Chickahominy, Chickamauga, Chickasaw, Chilcotin, Chilula, Chimariko, Chinook, Chinook Jargon, Chipewyan, Chippewa Cree, Chitimacha, Choctaw, Chumash, Ciboney, Clatsop, Coeur d'Alene, Coharie, Colville, Comanche, Comox, Conoy, Coos, Costanoan, Coushatta, Cowichan, Cree, Creek, Crow, Cupeño, Dakelh, Dakota, Deg Hit'an, Diaguita, Dogrib, Duwamish, Eastern Woodlands, Eastern and Southern Amazon, Erie, Esselen, Ethnographers, Eyak, First Nation, Flatbow, Flathead, Fort Nelson, Fountain, Fox, Garza, Ge, Georgian Bay, Gosiute, Great Basin, Green Bay, Gros Ventre, Guarani, Haida, Haisla, Halkomelem, Han, Hanis, Hasinai, Hay River, Heiltsuk, Hidatsa, Ho-Chunk, Hoh, Holikachuk, Hood River, Hopewell, Houma, Huaorani, Huastec, Hupa, Huron, Illini, Illinois, Inca, Indigenous languages of the Americas, Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Inland, Innu, Inuit, Iowa, Iroquois, Jacaltec, Jaega, John Day, Kachemak Bay, Kainah, Kalapuya, Kalispel, Kansa, Karok, Kaska, Kato, Kaw, Kawaiisu, Kaweshkar, Kayapo, Kenai, Kickapoo, Kiowa, Kitimat, Kittitas, Klallam, Klamath, Klemtu, Klickitat, Klikitat, Koasati, Kootenai, Koyukon, Kumeyaay, Kuna, Kutchin, Kwakiutl, Lakes, Lakota, Laurentian, Lenca, Lenni-Lenape, Liard, Lipan Apache, List of Native American Tribal Entities, Lower Umpqua, Lucayan, Luiseño, Lumbee, Lummi, Lushootseed, Mahican, Maidu, Makah, Maliseet, Mandan, Mary's River, Mascouten, Massachusett, Maya, Mayaimi, Mazatec, Me-wuk, Meherrin, Menominee, Mesoamerica, Miami, Micmac, Miluk, Mingo, Mississaugas, Missouri, Miwok, Mixtec, Modoc, Mohave, Mohawk, Mohegan, Molala, Monacan, Mono, Montauk, Muckleshoot, Multnomah, Munsee, Musqueam, Nanaimo, Nanticoke, Narragansett, Naskapi, Natick, Native American tribes, Nehalem, Neutral, Newfoundland, Nez Perce, Nicola, Nipmuck, Nisqually, Nlaka'pamux, Nomlaki, Nooksack, Northern Paiute, Northern Peigan, Northern Tutchone, Oconee, Oglala Sioux, Ohlone, Ojibwa, Okanagan, Olmec, Omaha, Oneida, Onondaga, Oowekyala, Osage Nation, Otoe, Ottawa, Paiute, Palus, Pamlico, Pamunkey, Panoan, Paraguay, Pascagoula, Passamaquoddy, Patwin, Pawnee, Pee Dee, Pend'Oreilles, Penobscot, Peoria, Pequot, Piegan, Pipil, Plains Apache, Plains Cree, Pomo, Ponca, Potawatomi, Powhatan, Powhatans, Prince Rupert, Puelche, Puyallup, Quapaw, Quechan, Quiché, Quileute, Quinault, Quiripi, Ramapough Mountain Indians, Ramaytush, Rappahannock, Rogue River or Upper Illinois, Rumsen, S'Klallam (Jamestown), Saanich, Sahaptin, Saint Lawrence River, Salinan, Saluda, San Clemente, San Jose, San Nicolas, Santa Catalina, Santa Paula, Santee, Saponi, Sauk, Sauk-Suiattle, Saulteaux, Schaghticoke, Sechelt, Sekani, Selknam, Seminole, Seneca, Seri, Serrano, Shawnee, Shoalwater Bay Tribe, Shoshone, Shoshoni, Shuar, Siksika, Siksiki, Siletz, Sioux, Siuslaw, Skagit, Skokomish, Slavey, Snohomish, Snoqualmie, Sooke, South America, Southeast, Southern Paiute, Southern Tutchone, Spokane, Spokane, Washington, Squamish, Squaxin Island Tribe, St'at'imc, Stillaguamish, Stoney, Stó:lō, Suquamish, Susitna River, Swinomish, Tache, Tachi tribe, Tagish, Tahltan, Taino, Tait, Takelma, Tanacross, Tanaina, Tapirape, Tarahumara, Tarascan, Tarrantine, Tasttine, Tehuelche, Tequesta, Teton, Tillamook, Timbisha, Timucua, Tlingit, Tocobaga, Toltec, Tongva, Tonkawa, Totonac, Tsilhqot'in, Tsimishian, Tsimshian, Tsuu T’ina, Tualatin, Tukanoan, Tulalip, Tunica, Tupian, Tuscarora, Twana, Tz'utujil, Tzeltal, Tzotzil, Umatilla, Unami, United States, Upper Tanana, Upper Umpqua, Ute, Waccamaw, Walla Walla, Wampanoag, Wanka, Wappo, Wasco, Washo, Washoe, Wea, Wenatchee, Wendake, Western Amazon, Wet'suwet'en, Wichita, Winnebago, Wintu, Wintun, Winyaw, Wiyot, Wyandot, Xinca, Yahi, Yakima, Yamana, Yamasee, Yamhill, Yana, Yankton, Yanktonai, Yanomami, Yaqui, Yaquina, Yazoo, Yokuts, Yoncalla, Yuchi, Yuki, Yupik, Yurok, Zapotec, Zuni, cultural, indigenous peoples, tribe
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