Borg: Encyclopedia - Borg

Borg

The Borg Collective is a group of telepathically-connected beings in the Star Trek fictional universe. They are known both within and beyond Star Trek fandom for their relentless pursuit of that which they wish to assimilate, their rapid adaptability to almost any defense, and their ability to continue functioning after what may seem a devastating or even fatal blow seemingly unaffected, and as such have become a powerful symbol in popular culture for any seemingly unstoppable force against which "resistance is futile".

Borg - Overview

The Borg are an amalgam of humanoids of many different races that are enhanced with cybernetic implants, giving them improved mental and physical abilities. Although the cyborg concept has long existed within science-fiction literature, it is probable that the general concept of the Borg—a ruthlessly efficient race of biomechanical beings bent on galactic conquest—was heavily influenced by the Cybermen, which feature in the popular UK television series Doctor Who and who display similar rationales and methods as the Borg, including wanting to assimilate individuals to augment their own race. They also bear significant resemblences to Fred Saberhagen's Berserker series. A very similar race of "positronic-biological" beings, nicknamed "Posbis", also features in the German Perry Rhodan series. Borg starships, in particular, bear a striking resemblance to those of the "Posbis".

The Borg function as automata; the minds of all Borg drones are connected via implants and networks to a hive, a collective mind (the Borg Collective), orchestrated by the Borg Queen and controlled from a central hub, the Unicomplex. According to themselves, the Borg only seek to "improve the quality of life for all species" by integrating organic (biological) and synthetic (artificial) components in their quest for perfection. To this end, they travel the galaxy, increasing their numbers and advancing by "assimilating" other species and their technologies, and subjugating captured individuals by injecting them with nanoprobes and surgically implanting prostheses, quickly changing their biological anatomy and biochemistry to the Borg standard.

Despite being perceived as an evil, conquering juggernaut by all who know of or have encountered them, the Borg harbor no ill will to anyone; they merely fulfill their imperative to assimilate and achieve perfection. As they say, "Resistance is futile—you will be assimilated." They make good on that threat through their ability to quickly adapt to any attack, rendering it harmless. Thus, any successful defense depends on the ingenuity of the opponent to find a method to stop the Borg completely before they can neutralize it.

Borg - History

Borg - Early contacts with the Federation

Having gradually developed over thousands of centuries (see Origin of the Borg) in the Galaxy's Delta Quadrant, the Borg's first formal contact with Starfleet occurred in 2365 by interference from Q in the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode, "Q Who?". Q transported the Enterprise-D to System FGC-J25, in the deep Beta Quadrant, just long enough to expose them to the Borg (who had already established a presence in that part of space). The Enterprise-D was hopelessly outclassed by the Borg cube encountered, and Q brought them home after their confrontation. Guinan tells Captain Picard, "Now that they know of your existence..." and Picard realized that they would never stop until they found them. Picard later realized that the Borg cube was already on a course heading towards Federation space, and in effect Q gave them an advance warning, doing the right thing for the wrong reason. Prior to this contact, however, there was evidence that the Borg were already in the vicinity of the Alpha Quadrant. The episode "The Neutral Zone" had established that several planets on both sides of the Romulan Neutral Zone had been destroyed in the same manner, and this was later attributed to the Borg.

Prior to Picard's encounters in the late 24th century, there is evidence that Starfleet and the Federation had prior knowledge of the Borg. In 2153, a group of cyborgs (though unknown as Borg at the time) were discovered in Earth's Arctic. These Borg were later speculated to have likely come from the future, as referenced in a speech Zefram Cochrane had given, stating what "really" had happened during first contact with the Vulcans in April 2063. He said that there were "strange cybernetic creatures from the future who wanted to enslave the human race." Cochrane also revealed that there were people who stopped them who were also from the future. Captain Archer and Subcommander T'Pol of the first Starfleet vessel named Enterprise discussed this, but T'Pol dismissed it by saying, "Dr. Cochrane was known to make outrageous statements."

The Borg incident of 2153 was kept secret, due in part to evidence that the Borg had managed to transmit Earth's location to their home space in the Delta Quadrant. Since, however, the message would not reach Borg space for two centuries, Earth and Starfleet authorities were not overly concerned with the Borg. However, in the prophetic words of Captain Archer: "We've only postponed the invasion until what? The 24th century?"

In the late 23rd century, the crew of the newly-commissioned Enterprise-B rescued a ship carrying El-Aurian refugees that was fleeing the Borg's decimation of their planet, although it is unknown if Starfleet was aware of the cause of the El-Aurian plight at the time. (The El-Aurian Guinan mentions the Borg attack to Picard during his first encounter with them.)

In the mid-2350s, as the two hundred year time mark of Captain Archer's prophecy approached, Starfleet began a covert operation to learn about the Borg and hired several civilian scientists to perform "unofficial" research and learn about this potential threat to the Federation. The family of Annika Hansen was one such group of scientists (VOY: "The Raven"). Thus, by the time Captain Picard and the Enterprise-D encountered the Borg at System J-25, certain individuals in Starfleet (most likely Section 31) were already aware of the Borg and the threat they posed.

Borg - The Enterprise-D and Captain Jean-Luc Picard

The second official, and first major, contact between the Federation and the Borg occurred in the two-part episode "The Best of Both Worlds", widely considered one of Star Trek’s best episodes. In 2366-7, Captain Picard was captured and assimilated by the Borg to become Locutus of Borg. With his knowledge of Federation technology and strategy, a single Borg cube destroyed a fleet of thirty-nine Starfleet vessels in the Battle of Wolf 359 and proceeded toward Earth with the goal of assimilating the entire planet. The Federation regards this battle as one of the worst military defeats in its history. In the process, however, the Enterprise-D used an emergency manoeuvre to capture Locutus. Data, with the help of Troi and Dr. Crusher, managed to tap into the Borg collective consciousness to which Picard/Locutus was connected. Their last-ditch actions managed to give Picard enough force of will to tell Data to give the command for the Borg to "sleep", that is, to regenerate. This caused the invading cube to go quiescent and created a feedback loop in the cube's power grid, destroying the ship in Earth orbit.

In the episode "I, Borg" (the title highlights the contradiction of an "individual Borg"), the Enterprise-D crew captured a single Borg drone in 2368 who appeared to be detached from the collective with its whereabouts unknown. Seeing an opportunity to study their enemy, it was taken aboard the ship. Eventually, due to separation from the Borg collective consciousness, the Borg drone (given the nickname "Hugh" by the crew) began to develop an individual identity. Events eventually led to his returning to the collective. Though he seemed to lose his individuality, the introduction of Hugh's experiences into the collective had far-reaching consequences. Some eventually were severed from the Collective and broke away as a renegade group. Initially dysfunctional and without purpose, this group later stumbled across and joined with Lore, Data's prototype brother, who helped them express their newfound freedom through hatred ("Descent").

Borg - Encounters with the Enterprise-E and Voyager

The Borg make frequent appearances in the Star Trek universe afterwards, being the antagonists in the Star Trek: First Contact movie and even having one of their number become a crew member of the starship Voyager—Seven of Nine. During Voyager’s trek through the Delta Quadrant, in 2373 they stumbled upon the "Northwest Passage," a corridor apparently devoid of Borg activity. Through investigation, it was later revealed that this area of space was where "Species 8472"—a Borg designation for a species from another universe with superior abilities—were emerging and inflicting heavy losses on the Borg in an attempt to invade and purify this universe. The Voyager crew successfully devised a defense (through the adaptation of Borg nanoprobes) against Species 8472. To ensure Voyager’s safe passage, Captain Janeway proposed and negotiated an alliance with the Borg in exchange for this technology. To facilitate this arrangement, Seven of Nine, Tertiary Adjunct of Unimatrix 01 was dispatched to Voyager. After Voyager successfully crossed this space, Seven of Nine was severed from the hive mind, became a member of Voyager’s crew (VOY: "Scorpion"), and eventually reasserted her personality.

The Borg suffered their worst setback against the Federation in 2378. Voyager discovered a Borg transwarp hub (one of only six in the entire galaxy), which allowed the Borg to quickly send ships anywhere in the galaxy. A future Admiral Janeway travelled back in time and ordered Voyager to use the hub to return to the Alpha Quadrant, but contemporary Captain Janeway was determined to destroy it. Admiral Janeway entered the Unicomplex and the Borg Queen assimilated her. However, the Admiral had surreptitiously infected herself with a neurolytic pathogen prior to being assimilated; once assimilated into the Collective, the pathogen disabled neural links throughout the hive mind. Consequently, the Borg Queen lost connections with her drones and ships, before being overcome and killed, and the Unicomplex exploded. Simultaneously, an anti-Borg enhanced Voyager (with technology provided by Admiral Janeway) destroyed support beams for the hub while entering a transwarp corridor. The Borg hub then collapsed and Voyager was successfully returned to Earth (VOY: "Endgame").

After these events, the ultimate fate of the Borg is unknown. Given the collective nature of the Borg, it is possible the virus could have infected every drone linked to the hive mind; however, the Borg are also highly decentralized, have relentless adaptability, and have demonstrated the ability to sever dysfunctional units from it.

The purely collective nature of the Borg was modified in Star Trek: First Contact, which introduced the Borg Queen. The Borg Queen is a locus within the Borg collective consciousness and a unique drone within the Collective ("the one who is many"), bringing "order to chaos" and referring to herself as "we" and "I" interchangeably. The function of the Borg Queen within the Borg seems to be that of a coordinator, as in an ant colony, and less so of a leader in the traditional sense. The Queen's unique autonomy allowed her to have an intimate encounter with Data in 2063 (as a result of time travel). However, her utterance "I am the beginning [and] the end" (an apparently Christian, apocalyptic allusion) implies a possibly crucial function within the collective. It has also been postulated that both the Borg Queen and Locutus functioned merely as spokespeople and tacticians, allowing the Borg to maintain a creative edge while retaining the advantages of a true collective.

A humanoid of Borg species 125, the contemporary Queen's head and upper torso appear mostly biological (externally) with a largely synthetic central nervous system, skull, and upper spine. The head/upper torso is generally lowered and secured into a synthetic lower torso.

Given the high technical sophistication of the Borg and her apparent destruction on numerous occasions, the Borg Queen may be some sort of unique multidimensional creature who can be in many places and times at once and/or is multiply-redundant; this is also consistent with the Borg's highly decentralized nature. In Star Trek: First Contact, the Borg Queen was apparently present during Picard's assimilation in 2366-7 (though this was lost on Picard initially) and was destroyed on that cube, an apparent retcon. The Queen was also seemingly destroyed in at least two other instances—during Star Trek: First Contact and the finale of Star Trek: Voyager. Upon the conclusion of Star Trek: Voyager, it is unknown whether the Queen survived; however, the Borg were able to function after her apparent destruction, as evidenced by the sphere continuing to chase Voyager.

Borg - Assimilation

Initially, the Borg were a mysterious group of marauders that snatched entire starships or took over entire planets and societies in order to collect and assimilate their technology, being less interested in individual lifeforms (TNG: "Q Who?"). In their second appearance, "The Best of Both Worlds", they began to rather crudely and frighteningly assimilate individuals – namely, Picard – into the collective by surgically altering them. Thereafter, incorporation of different lifeforms into their Collective was heightened and their interest in obtaining alien technology became less prominent.

Moreover, the method of assimilating individual lifeforms into the Collective has changed over time. Throughout, infant and fetal humanoids have been grown in an accelerated state and surgically receive or develop implants tied directly into the brain, as well as ocular devices, tool-enhanced limbs, armour, and other prosthetics.

Borg - Nanoprobes

Later, in Star Trek: First Contact, the method of assimilation was enhanced with the more efficient injection of nanoprobes into individuals. Borg nanoprobes are injected into the bloodstream of a victim by a number of tubules (usually two) that spring forth from the top of the hand (or some other extremity) of a Borg drone. The nanoprobes, each about the size of a human red blood cell (RBC), travel through the victim's bloodstream to various tissues and locations throughout the body and latch onto individual cells. The nanoprobes rewrite the cellular DNA, altering the victim's biochemistry, and eventually form larger, higher structures and networks within the body such as electrical pathways, processing and data storage nodes, and ultimately prosthetic devices that spring forth from the skin like spiders.

Once within an organic host, nanoprobes utilize metallic molecules from humanoid blood cells (e.g., iron from humans, or copper from Vulcans) to replicate and create higher structures. To that end, Borg nanoprobes are capable of adjusting the atomic structure of metals and molecules, creating ones more appropriate for Borg prostheses and nutrients essential for humanoid survival. Breaking down RBCs would cause asphyxia in the victim, also aiding in their submission to forces prior to full assimilation. This also alters blood vessels throughout the body, creating visibly dark tracks that snake across the surface of the skin as the cyberinfection spreads. Based on the size of a single nanoprobe and the volume that could be delivered in the short time of a drone attack, a single injection can carry at least five million nanoprobes.

In the Voyager episode "Drone", the Doctor's mobile emitter (obtained from the future in the episode "Future's End, Part 2") combines with Seven of Nine's technology to form a 29th century version of a Borg drone. Its capabilities included an internal transporter, improved speech capabilities, multidimensional adaptability, and greatly improved personal shields. Fortunately for Voyager, this drone's enhanced capabilities were not assimilated by the Borg Collective: the drone, in fact, sacrificed itself to save Voyager's crew.

Borg - Borg species identification

The Borg have encountered and assimilated thousands of species and (reportedly) trillions of lifeforms throughout the Milky Way galaxy. The Borg identify species uniquely with a number assigned to them upon first contact.

The following is a list of species and their respective numbers, sorted in ascending order by number. Some species have been identified only by their Borg identification and do not have a "name".

The species numbers seem to be assigned according to the order in which the Borg encountered the species in question. In addition, the assigned numbers generally increase proportionately with distance from the center of Borg space in the Delta Quadrant; the numbers can, therefore, be assumed to be a general chronology of first contact between the Borg and particular species.

As well, there are some inconsistencies with these premises. For example, the Ferengi have a lower designation number than the Talaxians, which would suggest that the Borg encountered the Ferengi first (perhaps somehow encountering the two Ferengi stranded in the Delta Quadrant in "The Price" (TNG) or somehow learning of them when Quark and company time travelled to 1947 Earth in "Little Green Men" (DS9)). However, Talax(ia) is far closer to Borg space than Ferenginar, so it is strange that the Borg could have encountered the Ferengi before the Talaxians.

Borg - Origin of the Borg

Over thousands of centuries, the Borg have encountered and assimilated thousands of species. However, little information regarding the true origin of the Borg millennia ago has been divulged in canon sources.

Given this and the Borg species numbering system, it is probable that the species originally giving rise to the Borg would have been designated as Species 1 or 0. Similarly, it is interesting to note that the Borg Queen is a member of species 125 – meaning she is of an early species assimilated by the Borg. Thus, species 125, or that particular individual, was an ideal choice for Queen or was bioengineered for this purpose. The relatively high index number could mean one of two things: either the Borg did not need a Queen for the early part of its history, or they replaced their previous Queen when a superior one was found or engineered.

Borg - Borg from V'ger theory

It has also been speculated that there could be a connection between the Borg and V'ger, the vessel encountered in Star Trek: The Motion Picture (TMP); this is indicated in the Star Trek Encyclopedia and is advanced in William Shatner's novel, The Return. The two entities are similar in concept and philosophy:

• The Borg are born as wholly organic beings and are melded with hardware to become biomechanical hybrids. They somewhat idolize a totally artificial state, which allows the android Lore to conquer a group of them in "Descent" (TNG).
• V'ger is originally a machine – an interplanetary probe that was programmed to learn what it could about the universe – is significantly enhanced, and wants to see and touch its creator (a human) in order to fulfill its mission and evolve to a higher level of existence.

V'ger "melds" with two persons (Captain Decker and Ilia) and, in so doing, evolves. With reasonable conjecture, the Borg, a cybernetic organism – i.e., a fusion of person and machine – is born.

Following Star Trek: First Contact, the "Borg from V'ger" origin theory has a few obstacles:

• In 2063, the Borg attempt to use the Enterprise-E's deflector dish as a subspace transmitter to contact the Borg existing at that time. As of 2005, Voyagers 3-6 were not launched. Assuming V'ger (Voyager 6) was launched some time in 2005, by 2063 a spacecraft traveling at high sublight speed would be no more than a short trip from Earth at maximum warp, hardly a distance which would require a subspace transmitter to contact anybody.
• V'ger had not merged with its creator prior to this date, and thus would not yet be part-human.
• Even before the film was released, Guinan mentioned that the Borg had existed for millennia, so they would already have been around long before V'ger was ever created.
• In 2376, the Vaadwaur (VOY) reported encountering the Borg 900 years earlier, placing this contact around the 13th century.

One possible solution to these problems arises from the fact mentioned in ST:TMP that Voyager 6 disappeared when it fell into a wormhole. One of the known properties of wormholes is that, due to special relativity, they can be holes through space and time. Therefore, the wormhole that Voyager 6 (V'ger) fell into could very well have taken it across the galaxy and backwards in time thousands of years.

The V'ger origin story could be reversed into a "V'ger from Borg" origin theory – V'ger could have been aided by Borg. V'ger mentions in a visual presentation of its origin that it was once a smaller machine, one of NASA's Voyager space probes. It was then rescued and augmented by a race of machines. The name or nature of this machine planet, however, is never elaborated upon, and could well belong to the Borg. A piece of supporting evidence can be found in the novelisation of Star Trek: The Motion Picture written by Gene Roddenberry. In the novel, the V'ger entity notes that the Ilia probe is resisting the programming given to it because of the residual memories and feelings for Decker. When V'ger becomes aware of this, it is aware that "the resistance was futile, of course", which is almost identical to the Borg phrase, "Resistance is futile". The Star Trek novels aren't considered canonical, but it can be considered as at least circumstantial evidence, especially as the novel was written by Star Trek's creator.

One could go even further and pose the question "Why, if they have been around for thousands of years, have the Borg not succeeded in dominating the galaxy?" There are few examples of effective resistance against the Borg, and the two battles of Sector 001, both of which ended in a Borg defeat (though the second outcome is perhaps not so clear-cut), must surely be the exception. Human beings will not make contact with intelligent extraterrestrial life until 2063, and Species 8472, the other race on the short list of those who have defended territory against the Borg, does not enter space as we know it until about 400 years later. Again, however, the Vaadwaur might provide an answer by stating the species had several encounters with the Borg, and "lived to tell the tale". This would suggest that the Borg were not the overwhelming force of the 24th century for most of their existence. Further, it may also be the case that the Borg simply tried to assimilate species that it found sufficiently interesting and add to their "perfection"; Seven of Nine once stated to Neelix that the Kazon were not worth assimilating because they would not add to the Borg's perfection (this was, also, perhaps an in-joke by the creators of Star Trek: Voyager about the Kazon and generally negative fan reaction to them).

Another explanation may lie in the particulars of the evolution of the Borg. V'ger's mission is "to learn all that is learnable" – perhaps to an intelligent machine all that is learnable is abstraction. Were V'ger to join, perhaps become an emissary for a race (or collective) of computers whose purpose is to collect all of the information in the universe – to dominate the Platonic realm, one could view the Borg as having more machine history than cybernetic and see the mission of the Borg as it is more commonly understood – one of acquisition and integration of all of the life, culture, and technology in the universe – as having been born the day V'ger "joined" with Captain Decker. The purpose of this joining was to enable V'ger to understand "the rest of the picture" – could this terrible menace be machine though sparked by a glimpse of human understanding?

The obstacle to a "V'ger from Borg" theory is the apparently great distance between Earth and the space dominated by Borg. Possible rationalizations to address this include:

1. Since the Borg obviously were able to travel back into time in the film, it is conceivable that they travelled back at another point to establish a hive in the 21st century.
2. V'Ger mentions in its visual presentation of its origin that it passed through a kind of disturbance, possibly a wormhole, on its trip to the machine world.

Borg - Nanobot theory

Though not in the formal continuity, a speculative story in the recent short story anthology Strange New Worlds VI offered a theory of their creation. It stated that the Borg came about on a world suffering from a devastating plague. One of the victims was the granddaughter of the planet's ruler, and she forced the scientists treating the plague to attempt a new treatment upon her. Nanotech was introduced into her body, which eliminated the virus and restored her. However, the nanotech was programmed not to make her as she had been before, but to make her perfect. Since she was naturally imperfect, they changed her body and brain, augmenting them with technology and creating the first Borg Queen. The scientists who changed her were put to death by her grandfather, who tried to kill her with gas. Her body adapted to this, removing the need to breathe and allowing her to introduce her nanobots into the wall of the room holding her, melting it, and allowing her to escape. While fighting her guards, she accidentally put the nanotech into one of them, thereby creating a link and changing him. In this way, the first Borg were born. After assimilating their homeworld, the Borg began to assimilate other planets.

Borg - Famous maxim

The classic Borg hail is as follows:

In the movie Star Trek: First Contact, the following hail is heard:

The actor playing the role of "Voice of the Borg" in this film is Jeff Coopwood.

This saying bears a striking resemblance to that of Cybermen: "Resistance is useless!" which was said on many occasions by them. Also in Doctor Who, the Cybermen's head leader, the Cybercontroller (equivalent to the Borg Queen) once stated to the Doctor, "To struggle is futile!" In the serial Tomb of the Cybermen, the Cybercontroller says, "You belong to us. You will be like us."

A Vogon guard in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy also says "Resistance is useless!", but hardly with the same intentions as the Borg or the Cybercontroller.

Additionally, Locutus (assimilated Picard) was known to say (at the Battle of Wolf 359):

And before the battle:

Borg - Pronunciation variations

• Most Borg pronounce futile as "few-tile" although Seven of Nine says "few-tle".

• Data, when freed from the influence of the Borg, also pronounced it "few-tle". This, however, does not really count as he was never really under their influence to begin with and was only "tempted" to join the Borg for a very brief period of time.

Borg - All Borg episodes to date

Borg - Star Trek: The Next Generation

Borg - Star Trek: Deep Space Nine

Borg - Star Trek: Voyager

The following does not include the "usual" Seven of Nine or the Borg children episodes.

Borg - Star Trek: Enterprise

Borg - The Borg in computer games

• Star Trek: Birth of the Federation
• Star Trek: Armada: The USS Premonition from the future tells the Enterprise that the Borg plan a new invasion and clone Locutus.
• Star Trek: Armada II: The Borg have set up a transwarp link between the Alpha and Delta quadrants and plan another invasion.
• Star Trek: Away Team
• Star Trek: Borg: An interactive movie in which the player, aided by Q, has to fend off the Borg invasion of a starship.
• Star Trek: Borg Assimilator
• Star Trek: Voyager Elite Force
• Star Trek Elite Force II
• Starfleet Command III

Borg - The Borg as a cultural allusion

The Borg were a concept born out of necessity for Star Trek to feature a new heavy and regular enemy that was lacking during the first season of The Next Generation, now that the Klingons were allies, and the Romulans mostly absent. Originally intended as the new enemy for the United Federation of Planets, the Ferengi failed to assert themselves as a convincing threat because of their comical, unintimidating appearance and devotion to capitalist accumulation or "free enterprise". They were subsequently reassigned the role of annoying, but cute, comic relief characters. A new militaristic threat was thus needed to replace the Klingons and Romulans. The Borg, with their frightening appearance, immense power, and most importantly a no-nonsense, totally sinister motive became the signature villains for the TNG era of Star Trek. Its strongest definition is most probably the fearful Luddite prophecy – the vision that technology will eventually transform humanity into monsters.

The Borg are one of the more recognizable and popular Star Trek villains, which has made them icons in American popular culture even outside of Star Trek. Referring to a group of people as "borgs" or "borg" (maintaining the proper plural) means that they are completely given to conformity with one another. A single person who is slavishly conformist can also be called a "drone" or "borg". In the roleplay gaming community, a "borg" is a person who does not play a role, but rather spends all of their time killing monsters or non-playing character (NPC) characters to increase experience points, their score, or accumulate wealth.

Borg is also occasionally used as a slang verb, meaning to take over or absorb something. Example: "Steve borged (with a hard G) [or "assimilated"] my CD collection, making copies of almost every disc I own." In the context of roleplaying games, the verb "borg" is used to mean repeatedly going to the same location in the game world with the express purpose of killing monsters to accumulate experience points and/or money, usually even when the monsters/NPCs in question are of no significant threat to the character being played.

Sometimes, someone is referred to as being 'of Borg', indicating they are aggressive in taking over something, e.g. "Microsoft of Borg." This is in reference to the Borg's famous maxim, "Resistance is futile".

Shortly after the introduction of the Pentium microprocessor, a floating-point arithmetic glitch was found which affected the accuracy of calculations, leading to the joke, "We are Pentium of Borg. Division is futile. You will be approximated."

See also

• Cybermen, a robotic race introduced in 1966 in the TV series Doctor Who. Many similarities have been noted between this race and the later Borg, including their incorporation ot other species and use of the similar catchphrase "Resistance is useless".
• Perry Rhodan, a prolific literary fictional series originating from Germany in 1961, whose "Posbis" are similar to the Borg.
• Berserker fiction written by Fred Saberhagen, beginning 1963; some of the protagonists closely resemble the Borg.
• Reavers, feral, insane humans gone mad at the edge of space from Joss Whedon's TV series Firefly. They are not cyborgs, but are similar juggernauts: ruthless, relentless, and feared.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Borg", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki