Blackadder: Encyclopedia - Blackadder

Blackadder

Blackadder is the generic name which embraces an acclaimed series of British sitcoms, made by the BBC, and several one-off episodes, many for charity Comic Relief. The first series was written by Richard Curtis and Rowan Atkinson; subsequent series were written by Curtis and Ben Elton. The shows were produced by John Lloyd, and starred Rowan Atkinson as the eponymous anti-hero, Edmund Blackadder, and Tony Robinson as his sidekick, Baldrick.

Four series of six half-hour episodes were made, each series set in a different period of British history. The first series was called The Black Adder and was made in 1983; this was followed by Blackadder II in 1985, Blackadder the Third in 1987, and finally Blackadder Goes Forth in 1989. In addition to these series, three specials were also made: "Blackadder: The Cavalier Years" appeared as a 15 minute insert in the 1988 Comic Relief Night; Blackadder's Christmas Carol was a 1988 Christmas special which lasted for 45 minutes; and Blackadder: Back & Forth was a 30 minute film originally shown in a special cinema at the Millennium Dome during 2000, and later broadcast by Sky and the BBC. A pilot episode was filmed in 1982, but has never been shown on television.

In January 2005, Tony Robinson told ITV's This Morning that Rowan Atkinson is more keen than he has been in the past to do a fifth series, set in the 1960s (centered around a rock band called the "Black Adder Five", with Baldrick - aka 'Bald Rick' - as the drummer). However, although the BBC stated that there were no plans for a comeback, this article might confirm a new series for 2006.

However, in November 2005, Rowan Atkinson told BBC Breakfast News that although he would very much like to do a new series set in Colditz or another prisoner of war camp during World War Two, the chances of it happening are extremely low.

In the 2004 TV poll to find "Britain's Best Sitcom", Blackadder was voted the second best British sitcom of all time, beaten only by "Only Fools And Horses".

Blackadder - Blackadder overview

Blackadder - Developments over the series

It is implied that in each series the Blackadder character is a distant descendant of the previous one. With each observed generation, Blackadder's social standing is reduced, from prince, to nobleman, to royal butler, to army captain; and by the end, in the last episode of the last series, nothing more than cannon-fodder. However, he concurrently goes from an incompetent fool (in the first series), becoming an ever more devious strategist in matters that affect him.

The Macbeth-inspired witches, in "The Foretelling" (1.1) (thinking he is someone else), promise that one day Blackadder will be King and, in "Bells" (2.1), the 'wise woman' says "thou plottest Edmund: thou wouldst be King!"

In the first series, Edmund does become King for less than a minute, but then dies after succumbing to some poisoned wine (a fact alluded to in a song in the second series, whose lyrics include "His great-grandfather was a king/Although for only thirty seconds). In the second series, Blackadder comes very close to marrying Elizabeth I but fails. At the end of the third series, Blackadder assumes the role of Prince Regent after the real prince is killed in a duel with the Duke of Wellington, and (presumably, though not definitely) goes on to assume the identity of George IV.

After the continual decline in status through the series, Blackadder, or at least the descendant of the original, finally becomes King in Blackadder: Back & Forth through manipulation of the timeline. A Grand Admiral Blackadder of the far future is also seen in the Christmas special, and his status further rises when he manages to achieve control of the entire universe upon marrying Queen Asphyxia XIX.

It is also noticeable that, as Blackadder becomes more cunning, Baldrick becomes more stupid and dimwitted. It is clear that in the first series, he is smarter than Blackadder, saving the day on several occasions. However, in subsequent series, this situation is reversed: in "Captain Cook" (4.1), he scratches his name onto a bullet, because "somewhere there's a bullet with your name on it" - if Baldrick owns that bullet he cannot be shot by it.

Blackadder - Similarities over the series

Each series tended to feature the same set of actors in different period settings. Stephen Fry played the mild-mannered Lord Melchett, an advisor to Queen Elizabeth I in the second series, The Duke of Wellington in the final episode of the third series and General Melchett, a blustering buffoon, in the fourth. Tim McInnerny played Lord Percy Percy in the first and second series, The Scarlet Pimpernel (for one episode) in the third series and Kevin Darling in both the fourth series, and Blackadder Back and Forth. Hugh Laurie plays Simon Partridge in episode five and Prince Ludwig the Indestructible in the final episode of Blackadder II, a foppish Prince George in Blackadder the Third and the idiotic Lieutenant George in Blackadder Goes Forth. Rik Mayall plays 'Mad Gerald' in the first series and the dashing Lord Flashheart, a vulgar yet successful rival of Blackadder in both the second and fourth series; he also plays a decidedly Flashheart-like Robin Hood in Back and Forth. Gabrielle Glaister plays an attractive girl who poses as a man and calls herself Bob, before revealing her true sex and becoming romantically involved with Flashheart, in both the second and fourth series.

The Howard Goodall theme tune has the same melody throughout the four series, but being played in roughly the style of the period in which it is set (mostly with trumpets in The Black Adder; with a combination of wind instruments and electric guitar in Blackadder II; on harpsichord for Blackadder the Third; by a military band in Blackadder Goes Forth; sung by carol singers in Blackadder's Christmas Carol; and by an orchestra in Blackadder: The Cavalier Years and Blackadder: Back & Forth.

Blackadder - Popularity and effects on popular culture

After the first series — which ran to a considerable budget for a sitcom, and had been shot largely on location — the BBC decided not to take up the option of a second series. In 1984 Michael Grade took over as the controller of BBC One and, after talks with the Blackadder team, agreed that a second series could be made as long as the cost was dramatically cut. The second series was changed to be shot studio only and Ben Elton joining the writing team. Elton added more jokes to the scripts and suggested one of the most prominent and major changes in characters, that Baldrick would become the stupid sidekick and to evolve Edmund Blackadder into the fast mouthed intellectual. This led to the now-familiar setup of the characters that was maintained over all the following series. The Blackadder series came second in a 2004 BBC poll to find 'Britain's Best Sitcom'.

Whenever Blackadder found himself in a difficult situation (as was the case in most episodes), Baldrick would suggest a solution starting with "I have a cunning plan". This became the character's catch phrase and, while the suggestions were usually totally unhelpful, he would sometimes come up with a plan that went towards saving the day.

Blackadder popularised the use of exaggerated simile and similar devices for comic effect in Britain. Examples include:

• "Madder than Mad Jack McMad, winner of last year's Mr. Madman competition."
• "I've got a plan so cunning, you could stick a tail on it and call it a weasel." or "As cunning as a fox who's just been appointed Professor of Cunning at Oxford University."
• "I'm as happy as a Frenchman who's just invented a pair of self-removing trousers."
• "I'm as weary as a dog with no legs that's just climbed Ben Nevis."
• "We're in the stickiest situation since Sticky the stick insect got stuck on a sticky bun."
• "Smarter than a brain pie."
• [on the theatre] "A bunch of stupid actors running around with their chests thrust out so far you'd think their nipples were attached to a pair of charging elephants."

It also turned the implied wit of wordplay on its head for humorous effect:

• "Blackadder... You twist and turn like a twisty, turny thing."
• "The grave opens up before me like a big hole in the ground."
• "Disease and deprivation stalk our land, like two giant stalking things."
• "We're as similar as two completely dissimilar things in a pod."
• "Better a lapdog to a slip of a girl than a ... git!"
• "I'd rather be a quack than a duckie - good day." (Note : this implies the following - quack as in fake doctor, and duckie as in homosexual. See the episode for a better understanding)

Blackadder - The series and specials

Blackadder - Chronological order

• The Black Adder
• Blackadder II
• Blackadder: The Cavalier Years
• Blackadder and the King's Birthday
• Blackadder the Third
• Blackadder's Christmas Carol
• Blackadder Goes Forth
• Blackadder: Back & Forth
• Blackadder: The Army Years

Blackadder - Series 1: The Black Adder

Set in the Middle Ages, this series is written as a secret history. It opens with the Battle of Bosworth Field (1485) being won by Richard III (played by Peter Cook as being a rather nice man who doted on his nephews, contrary to the traditional view of him as a hunchbacked, infanticidal monster), instead of Henry Tudor who won in reality. After his victory Richard III is then accidentally killed by Lord Edmund Plantagenet (Richard tries to borrow Blackadder's horse, but Edmund thinks he is stealing it and cuts his head off). The late King's nephew, Richard, Duke of York (played by Brian Blessed) who is Lord Edmund Plantagenet's (The Black Adder) father, is then crowned as Richard IV. Lord Edmund never took part in the battle (he arrived late and went the wrong way, but claimed to have killed four hundred and fifty peasants and several nobles, one of whom had actually been killed by his brother in the battle). This logical but very silly historical premise, combined with interwoven bits of Shakespeare, lends real intellectual delight and challenge to the humor.

Richard, Duke of York (one of the 'Princes in the Tower') was in reality only 12 years old (and perhaps two years dead) when the Battle of Bosworth Field took place in 1485, and so far too young to have had two grown up sons. This and other historical discrepancies don't detract from the humor, though.

The series follows the ficticious reign of Richard IV (1485–98). Richard and his Queen Gertrude of Flanders, the Witch Queen have two sons:

• Harry, Prince of Wales, Captain of the Guard, Grand Warden of the Northern and Eastern Marches, Chief Lunatic of the Duchy of Gloucester, Viceroy of Wales, Sheriff of Nottingham, Marquess of the Midlands, Lord Hoe-Maker Extraordinary, Harbinger of the Doomed Rat (1460–98)
• Prince Edmund, "the Black Adder", Duke of Edinburgh, Lord Warden of the Royal Privies, the Laird of Roxburgh, Selkirk, and Peebles, Archbishop of Canterbury (1461–98)

It is later revealed in the episode "Born to be King" that after Harry's birth and before Edmund's, Queen Gertrude had an affair with Donald McAngus, Third Duke of Argyll. There is a possibility that Edmund was this affair's result. If so, then Edmund is Harry's half-brother and also has another half-brother:

• Dougal McAngus, Fourth Duke of Argyll, Supreme Commander of the King's Army (c. 1462–87).

By the end of the series, events converge with our timeline, when King Richard IV and his entire family are poisoned, allowing Henry Tudor to take the throne as King Henry VII. He then proceeds to rewrite history, presenting Richard III as a monster, and eliminating Richard IV's reign from the history books.

In this series, the character of the Black Adder is somewhat different from later incarnations, being largely unintelligent and snivelling. The title of Laird of Roxburgh, Selkirk and Peebles may have been inspired by the then leader of the Liberal Party David Steel who was MP for that constituency when the series was written.

The character does evolve through the series, however, and he begins showing signs of what his descendants will be like by the final episode, where he begins insulting everyone around him and making his own plans. This evolution follows naturally from the character's situation. "The Black Adder" is the title that Edmund adopts during the first episode (after first considering "The Black Vegetable"). Presumably one of his descendants adopted it as a surname prior to Blackadder II, where the title character becomes "Edmund Blackadder". Edmund's father the king can never remember his name at all (usually he forgets that he even has a second son), calling him "Egbert", Edward", "Enid", and occasionally "Edna". In the last moment before Edmund's death in the final episode, his father finally addresses him correctly and Edmund thanks him tearfully, asking to be remembered as Edmund the Black Adder. His father, mishearing him, says "Oh, I'm sorry, Edward. Let the name Edward, The Black Dagger, live forever!"

It is therefore interesting to note that the unaired pilot episode, covering the basic plot of "Born to be King", has some differences to the first series. Baldrick was played by Philip Fox, who was replaced by Tony Robinson. The King is played by John Savident (famous for playing Fred Elliot in the TV soap Coronation Street), while Percy was still played by Tim McInnerny. Rowan Atkinson speaks, dresses and generally looks and acts like the later Blackadder descendants of the second series onwards, but no reason is given as to why he changed to a snivelling wretch in the first series. One assumes that the change was driven by the writing, which wouldn't have worked with a swaggering character in the lead.

Richard Curtis admitted in a 2004 documentary on the show that just before filming began, producer John Lloyd came up to him with Atkinson and asked what Edmund's character was. Curtis then realised that, despite writing some funny lines, he had no idea how Rowan Atkinson was supposed to play his part. This is typical of the slighting and dismissive remarks Curtis makes about this first series. One supposes that Atkinson, who cowrote this series but not the later ones, came up with his characterization himself.

The opening titles consisted of several stock shots of Edmund riding his horse on location, interspersed with different shots of him doing various silly things (and, usually, a shot of King Richard IV to go with Brian Blessed's credit). The closing titles were the same sequence of Edmund riding around, eventually falling off his horse, and then chasing after it. The theme tune also gained lyrics:

Blackadder - Series 2: Blackadder II

Blackadder II is set in England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603). The principal character is Lord Edmund Blackadder, a descendant of the original Black Adder. During the series, he often comes into contact with the Queen, her advisor, Lord Melchett and her nanny, Nursie.

Following the BBC's request for improvements to be made to the show, several changes were made. The second series was the first to establish the familiar character of Blackadder: cunning, shrewd and witty, in sharp contrast with Prince Edmund of the first series. To make the show more cost effective, it was also shot with far fewer outdoor scenes than the first series and several, frequently used, indoor scenes, such as the Queen's throne room and Blackadder's front room. Each episode in the series also features another unique location, from Bob's father's front room to a Spanish dungeon.

The opening titles are played to a version of the theme on an Elizabethan wind instrument and an electric guitar, over shots of a black adder slithering about on a checkerboard surface. The snake is eventually removed and replaced with something to do with the title of the episode, which in this series was always a single syllable noun. The opening ominous violin music and initial shots are a parody of the opening credits of the 1975 BBC television adaptation of Robert Graves' I, Claudius.

The closing titles use a different arrangement of the theme on different instruments, with lyrics reflecting the storyline of the episode, over a shot of Blackadder walking through a palace garden and being annoyed by a minstrel. As each episode elapses, this sequence becomes a mini-series in its own right. At the end of the final episode, Blackadder catches the minstrel and dunks him into a fountain numerous times.

Blackadder - Series 3: Blackadder the Third

Blackadder The Third is set in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, a period known as the Regency. For much of this period, King George III was incapacitated due to poor mental health, and his son George, the Prince of Wales, acted as regent. From 1811 until his father's death in 1820, he was known as "the Prince Regent".

In the series, E. Blackadder Esquire is the butler to the Prince of Wales (played by Hugh Laurie as a complete fop and idiot). Despite Edmund's respected intelligence and abilities he has no personal fortune to speak of. According to Edmund he has been serving the Prince Regent all their lives, since they were both breastfeeding (when he had to show the Prince which part of his mother was serving the drinks). There are three main sets: the Prince's quarters, which are large and lavish, the below-stairs kitchen hangout of Blackadder and Baldrick, which is dark and squalid, and finally Mrs. Miggins' coffee house (Mrs Miggins' pie shop was a never-seen running gag in Blackadder II; she - or, at least, a descendant of hers - was now finally shown).

As well as Rowan Atkinson and Tony Robinson in their usual roles, this series starred Hugh Laurie as the Prince Regent, and Helen Atkinson-Wood (no relation to Rowan) as Mrs. Miggins. The series features rotten boroughs, Dr. Johnson (played by Robbie Coltrane), the French Revolution and the Scarlet Pimpernel, over-the-top theatrical actors, highwaymen who hate squirrels, and duels.

The opening theme is this time played on a harpsichord, oboe and cello over close-ups of Blackadder searching a book-case, the credits and "Blackadder the Third" appearing on some of the books' spines (along with humorous titles such as "From Black Death to Blackadder" and "The Encyclopaedia Blackaddica"). Hidden inside a hollow book, he finds a romance novel, complete with steamy cover art, bearing the episode's title, which is always a noun paired with another noun derived from an adjective. Example: Sense and Senility (title based on the Jane Austen novel, Sense and Sensibility). The closing credits are presented in the style of a programme from a Regency-era play, and with an entirely new closing theme.

Blackadder - Series 4: Blackadder Goes Forth

This series is set in the trenches of the First World War. Another "big push" is planned, and Captain Blackadder's one goal is to avoid getting shot, so he plots ways to get out of it. Blackadder is joined by the idealistic, gung-ho Lieutenant George (Hugh Laurie), and the world's worst cook, Private S. Baldrick. The first initial "S" is taken from the first episode of Season 3, in which Baldrick says he can't remember his first name, but assumes it must be "Sodoff." Loony General Melchett rallies his troops from a French mansion, where he is aided and abetted by Captain Darling (Tim McInnerny), pencil-pusher supreme, whose name is played on for maximum comedy value. Every episode's title is based on the pairing of a military rank, major, general etc., and another word. This format is not used in the final episode, titled "Goodbyeee" In a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, voted for by industry professionals, Blackadder Goes Forth was placed 16th.

Note: Captain Darling's name was originally intended to be Captain Cartwright, until Stephen Fry chirped in with the name 'Darling', and the name, along with Blackadder's pronunciation of 'Bob', became one of the funniest words to be said in the series.

The theme tune here was played by a military band (in this case the Band of the 3rd Battalion, The Royal Anglian Regiment) over opening title images of Blackadder and George parading their men past Melchett and Darling, while Baldrick plays the triangle. The music starts with the opening bars of 'The British Grenadiers' before segueing into the familiar Blackadder theme. In the closing credits, the full Blackadder theme plays as the men march off down the parade ground. Of note is that the titles here are presented as static captions instead of being rolled as on the previous three series, and that the crew credits are presented in pseudo-military fashion: for example, the designer is credited thus: ' Dgr – 404371 Hull, C '. Also of note is that the opening sequence is filmed in color, while the closing sequence is filmed in grainy, streaky black-and-white.

The final episode of the last series, "Goodbyeee...", is known for being extraordinarily moving for a comedy—especially the final scene, which sees the main characters (Blackadder, Baldrick, George, and Darling) finally going over the top and charging off to die in the fog and smoke of No Man's Land. (Melchett remains at his office but blithely orders a reluctant Darling to meet the others.) Blackadder's final line, said before this scene, offered after Baldrick claims to have one last plan to stop them going over the top (at which point a voice cries for the men to stand ready): "Well, I am afraid it will have to wait. Whatever it was I am sure it was better than my plan to get out of this by pretending to be mad. I mean, who would have noticed another madman around here? Good luck everyone." is particularly poignant and memorable. "Goodbyeee..." also had no closing titles, simply fading from Blackadder, Baldrick, George and Darling charging across No-Man's Land under fire, to a field of poppies in the sunlight, an obvious reference to the poem "In Flanders Fields". 'Goodbyee' was also the title of a popular song during the First World War.

Blackadder - Specials

(1988) — taking place at the time of the English Civil War. It is a short episode, shown as part of Comic Relief's Red Nose Day.

The Episode begins in November 1648. King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland has already lost the Civil War. Only two men remain loyal to him. Sir Edmund Blackadder, the sole descendant of the Blackadder dynasty at the time and his servant Baldrick, the only son of a pig farmer and a bearded lady (both according to the introduction). They have given refuge to the King in Blackadder Hall. Edmund remains loyal because as a known royalist he sees the King as his only hope of survival and also because of his fear of a hideous age of Puritanism, full of moral prohibitions (as he describes it). During a short absence of Edmund, Oliver Cromwell himself arrives at Blackadder Hall, accompanied by a number of his Roundheads. He is personally investigating the King's whereabouts. Baldrick fails to convince him that he has no idea. Between this and the following scene Cromwell discovers and arrests the King.

The second scene takes place in the Tower of London, two weeks later. King Charles' praying is interrupted by two subsequent visits. The first by Cromwell who warns him of his doom and the second by Edmund, disguised as a priest. He informs the King that he is planning his escape. While Edmund is still there the King receives a notice that he has been sentenced to death. (Despite its placement in late November or early December 1648 within the context of this episode, historically King Charles' sentence to death came on January 27, 1649).

As January 29, 1649 arrives and his execution approaches, King Charles is again visited by Edmund. Though his plans for an escape haven't materialised he informs the King that there is still some hope. The Parliament has yet to find a man willing to be the King's executioner. Charles, rather philosophically, proclaims that he isn't looking forward to his execution but "It's a question of balance, isn't it? Like so many other things" (Charles, played by Stephen Fry is very much a pastiche of his modern day namesake the Prince of Wales). Edmund proceeds in assuring Charles that no one would dare to become the King's executioner. Just as he says that, the King receives a notice that they found his executioner.

Back at Blackadder Hall, Baldrick is singing as Edmund proclaims his life to be in ruins. While Baldrick informs he has accepted a job, Edmund wonders who could be so utterly without heart and soul, so low and degraded as to behead the King of England. As his own words sink in, he proceeds in interrogating Baldrick who admits he accepted the job. Baldrick explains to the reasonably enraged Edmund that he has a plan to save the King. He presents Edmund with a huge pumpkin, painted to represent a human face. He plans to place it on the King's head and chop it instead. Edmund dismisses the plan as unconvincing as Baldrick will have to hold it in front of the crowd, which is sure to notice. Baldrick, though saddened, says that at least the money, £1000, is good. Edmund's greed awakes at this and he proceeds in taking the money from Baldrick and announcing that he would replace him as the executioner. (Historically King Charles' executioner was Richard Brandon.)

January 30, 1649, King Charles' day of execution. King Charles is left alone for a few minutes with his executioner, Edmund in a hood and with a false voice. Edmund takes advantage of these minutes to relieve the King of his money bag. But the King finally recognizes him. He congratulates him for trying to save him even in the last minute and gives him custody of his infant son, the later King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland. (Historically he was 19 years old at the time of his father's death). For lack of a better plan Edmund uses the one Baldrick had suggested. The camera then focuses to Baldrick who is listening at the sounds of the execution. Edmund chops the pumpkin and proclaims that "This is the head of a traitor". Predictably the crowd answers "No, it's not; it's a huge pumpkin with a pathetic moustache drawn on it". Edmund apologises and says he will try again. Baldrick still listens as Edmund beheads Charles and the crowd cheers.

As the last scene begins Edmund and Baldrick have returned to Blackadder Hall. A disgusted Edmund cradles the infant Charles in his hands. Baldrick tries to console him by saying that at least he tried and that now the future of the British monarchy lies fast asleep in his arms in the person of this infant prince. He suggests to his master that he should be ready to escape to France, because as a known loyalist he is in danger of being arrested by the Roundheads and beheaded. Edmund, who apparently had forgotten that he is in a position of danger, immediately rises from his seat, ready to take action. But before he can do anything. Roundheads are already at the Hall's doors demanding his surrender. Edmund explains to Baldrick that there is no choice for a man of honour but to stand and fight, and die in defence of his future sovereign. Fortunately for him, he was never a man of honour. Passing the prince to Baldrick, Edmund proceeds in removing his long black hair, apparently a wig, his false moustache and beard to reveal a Roundhead appearance - short blond hair and a clean-shaven face. Thus unrecognisable, when a Roundhead enters the room he denounces Baldrick as a "royalist scum". The episode ends with Baldrick, still holding the Prince in his arms, being approached by the Roundhead, sword drawn.

Main article: "Blackadder's Christmas Carol"

The second special was broadcast in 1988. In a twist on Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol, Ebenezer Blackadder is the "kindest and loveliest" man in England, and could be considered to be the 'white sheep' of the Blackadder Family. One of the ghosts that so effectively convinced Ebenezer Scrooge to change his miserly ways reluctantly displays for this Blackadder the contrary antics of his ancestors and descendants, causing him to proclaim, "Bad guys have all the fun."

A short sketch with Rowan Atkinson as Lord Blackadder and Stephen Fry as King Charles II was performed at the Prince of Wales' 50th Birthday Gala. It was televised on ITV (in the UK) on 14 November 1998.

The Royal Variety Performance 2000 A short sketch with Rowan Atkinson as the modern-day Lord Edmund Blackadder of Her Royal Highness's regiment of shirkers. The sketch was written and introduced by Ben Elton.

Main article: Blackadder: Back & Forth

Blackadder: Back & Forth was originally shown in the Millennium Dome in 2000, followed by a screening on Sky 1 in the same year (and later on BBC1). It is set on the turn of the millennium, and features Lord Blackadder placing a bet with his friends — modern versions of Queenie (Miranda Richardson), Melchett (Stephen Fry), George (Hugh Laurie) and Darling (Tim McInnerny)— that he has built a working time machine. While this is intended as a clever con trick, the machine, surprisingly, does work, sending Blackadder and Baldrick back to the time of the dinosaurs.

Attempting to find their way home, they find themselves at the court of Elizabeth I, where they are mistaken for the contemporary versions and Blackadder takes the opportunity to assault William Shakespeare (Colin Firth) "on behalf of generations of schoolchildren". They next arrive in Sherwood Forest, where Blackadder, held hostage by Robin Hood (Rik Mayall) talks the Merry Men into revolt. They eventually kill him and, after spending some time in the forest—in Edmund's case, with Maid Marian (Kate Moss) and in Baldrick's, with Will Scarlett, they return to the machine.

The duo have brief stopovers at the Battle of Waterloo, where they accidentally kill Wellington (Stephen Fry), and in Roman Britain, where Centurion Blacaddicus and Legionary Baldricus face the Scots, before they finally find their way home, thanks to Baldrick's cunning plan of sticking his head into the toilet and seeing where the switches were when his life flashes before his eyes.

Returning home to a French-ruled Britain where no-one's heard of Shakespeare or Robin Hood, Blackadder quickly returns to the machine and restores history. Upon his second return, the others comment that a machine like that could be dangerous in the wrong hands. This gives Blackadder a very cunning plan indeed, and he excuses himself while the others watch the Millennium celebrations on television.

The television shows King Edmund III and Queen Marian of Sherwood arriving at the Millennium Dome to be greeted by Prime Minister Baldrick. The Blackadders have finally achieved their destiny.

The Jubilee Girl was a 29 December 2002 BBC special about Queen Elizabeth II's Golden Jubilee. It featured Sir Osmond-Darling Blackadder (Keeper of the Lawn Sprinklers) and Dame Edna Everage. Earlier, a BBC "advertisment" for the celebrations also featured this incarnation of Blackadder.

Blackadder - Historical anomalies

Main article: Historical anomalies in Blackadder

The Blackadder series contain many instances of anachronism or anachronistic references. For example:

• In Blackadder I, the Duke of Edinburgh is one of Edmund's titles. However Scotland had a separate monarchy at this point, and this title had not yet been created. It is possible that this was purposely done as a pun at the expense of the character of Edmund (the Black Adder), since it is a useless title.
• It is not entirely clear when exactly Blackadder The Third is meant to be set and the series encompasses many historical persons and events from throughout the reign of George III (1760–1820) and even beyond. Samuel Johnson completed his dictionary in 1755, however, which is the premise for the second episode of the series. In the same episode, Dr. Johnson is seen hanging out with Lord Byron, depite the fact that in real life, Lord Byron was born four years after Johnson died. The most common setting appears to be during the Regency (1811–20) despite the fact that Prince George is portrayed as thin and young, when actually, by this point, he was in his early fifties and very, very fat. (Despite this disparity, jokes are made about Prince George's great weight.) There are also a number of references to Napoleon Bonaparte, yet the French Revolution only takes place in the third episode.
• In the earlier episodes (no.1 and possibly no.2), Edmund has an iron maiden torturing and execution device in his bedroom. This device existed in one single example, and was located in Nuremberg. It should also be noted that it was invented the century AFTER the first series were set, first execution was registered in 1515.

Blackadder - Cast

Main article: List of characters in Blackadder

The main recurring members of the cast were:

• Prince/Lord/Sir/Mr./Captain Edmund Blackadder; Macadder; Ebeneezer Blackadder (Rowan Atkinson)
• Sodoff (sic) Baldrick (a dim and ragged dogsbody), Alsatian (Tony Robinson)
• Lord Percy Percy; Captain Kevin Darling; Lord Topper and "Le Comte de Frou Frou"; Archdeacon Darling; Duke of Darling; Duc de Darling (Tim McInnerny)
• Queen Elizabeth I; Amy Hardwood; Nurse Mary Fletcher-Brown; Queen Asphyxia; Lady Elizabeth (Miranda Richardson)
• Prince George; Lieutenant The Honourable George Colthurst St. Bartleigh; Prince Ludwig the Indestructible; Prince Pigmot; Simon "Farters Parters" Partridge a.k.a. Mr Ostrich; Viscount George Bufton-Tufton; Georgius (Hugh Laurie)
• Lord Melchett; General Sir Anthony Cecil Hogmanay Melchett; The Duke of Wellington; Lord Frondo; King Charles I; Bishop Flavius Melchett; General Melchecus (Stephen Fry)

Patsy Byrne received huge plaudits for her crucial role as Nursie in all six episodes of Blackadder II but never featured in either of the subsequent series, either as a regular character or one-off. Her only future role in Blackadder was in Blackadder's Christmas Carol, when she briefly reprised Nursie during the plot's flashback to Blackadder II, and then as one of the "triple husbandoid" to Queen Asphyxia as the plot fast-forwarded to Christmas future. Similarly, Helen Atkinson-Wood was a welcome addition to the cast for the role of Mrs Miggins in all six episodes of Blackadder the Third, but did not appear again in the programme.

Ben Elton's arrival after the first series heralded the more frequent recruitment of comic actors from the famed "alternative" era for guest appearances, including Robbie Coltrane, Rik Mayall (who had actually appeared in the final episode of the first series as Mad Gerald), Adrian Edmondson, Nigel Planer, Mark Arden, Stephen Frost, Chris Barrie and Jeremy Hardy. Elton himself played an anarchist in Blackadder the Third.

However, aside from the regular cast listed above, only one actor - Lee Cornes - appeared in an episode of all three Curtis-Elton series. He appeared as a guard in the episode Chains of Blackadder II; as the poet Shelley in the episode Ink and Incapability of Blackadder the Third; and as firing squad soldier Private Fraser in the episode Corporal Punishment of Blackadder Goes Forth.

More 'establishment'-style actors, some at the veteran stage of their careers, were also recruited for roles. These included John Grillo, Tom Baker, Jim Broadbent, Hugh Paddick, Kenneth Connor, Bill Wallis, Ronald Lacey, Roger Blake, Denis Lill, Warren Clarke, Miriam Margolyes and, perhaps most famously, Geoffrey Palmer who played Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig in Goodbyeeee..., the final, fatal episode of Blackadder Goes Forth.

Unusually for a sitcom based loosely on factual events and in the historical past, a man was recruited for one episode essentially to play himself. Political commentator Vincent Hanna played a character billed as "his own great-great-great grandfather" in the episode Dish and Dishonesty of Blackadder the Third. Hanna was asked to take part because the scene was of a by-election in which Baldrick was a candidate and, in the style of modern television, Hanna gave a long-running "live" commentary of events at the count (and interviewed candidates and election agents) to a resident through the town hall window.

Blackadder - Quotes

The following comes from a scene in "Beer" (Blackadder II), when there is a knock at the door.

[There is a crash and Baldrick enters with the door]

The following comes from a scene in "Sense and Senility" (Blackadder III), as Blackadder is preparing to leave.

The following comes from a scene in "Private Plane" (Blackadder Goes Forth), when Lord Flasheart is beginning lessons on flying a "kite" (slang for airplane).

The following comes from a scene in "Goodbyeee" (Blackadder Goes Forth), when Captain Darling meets Blackadder in the trenches shortly before 'going over the top'.

Blackadder - References and tie-ins

All series and many of the specials are available on DVD and video, as well as many available on BBC Audio Cassette.

Some books of particular note are:

• Curtis, Richard, Ben Elton, and Rowan Atkinson. Blackadder: The Whole Damn Dynasty 1485–1917. Penguin Books, 2000. ISBN 0140296085. Being the—almost—complete scripts of the four regular series.
• Howarth, Chris, and Steve Lyons. Cunning: The Blackadder Programme Guide. Virgin Publishing, 2002. ISBN 0753504472. An unofficial guide to the series, with asides, anecdotes and observations.
• Curtis, Richard, Ben Elton. Blackadder: Back & Forth. Penguin Books, 2000. ISBN 0140291350. A script book with copious photographs from the most recent outing.

Blackadder - Precursors

The plot device of a 'modern' man in ancient times is not new, and has a venerable history in fiction.

In TV comedies, perhaps the most obvious 'ancestor' of the Blackadder series is Up Pompeii. The series, starring Frankie Howerd as Lurcio, was set in ancient Rome and made similar play with historical characters. Even the apparent 'reincarnation' device found in Blackadder [1] is found in the Up Pompeii saga.

The TV series inspired four feature films, the first two of which, Up Pompeii and Further Up Pompeii, were also set in Imperial Rome with Howerd as Lurcio. The first film ended with the eruption of Vesuvius and had a final scene set in the present day, in which the actors all played tourists closely resembling their ancient roles and Howerd played a tour guide, showing them around the ruins of Pompeii.

The third was set in medieval times and called Up the Chastity Belt, with Howerd's character as 'Lurkalot' (cf The Black Adder). In this, Howerd's character is discovered to be a double of Richard Lionheart, and later assumes the throne under his identity while the real king leads a bawdy life as Lurkalot (cf Blackadder the Third).

Most strikingly, the fourth and final Up ... film, Up the Front, sees Howerd's character reborn as 'Private Lurk' and fighting in the First World War.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Blackadder", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki