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Black pepper - The pepper plant | | Black pepper - The pepper plant: Encyclopedia II - Black pepper - The pepper plant | | The pepper plant is a perennial woody vine growing to four metres in height on supporting trees, poles, or trellises. It is a spreading vine, rooting readily where trailing stems touch the ground. The leaves are alternate, entire, five to ten centimetres long and three to six centimetres broad. The flowers are small, produced on pendulous spikes four to eight centimetres long at the leaf nodes, the spikes lengthening ...
See also:Black pepper, Black pepper - Varieties of pepper, Black pepper - The pepper plant, Black pepper - History, Black pepper - Ancient times, Black pepper - Postclassical Europe, Black pepper - China, Black pepper - Pepper as a medicine, Black pepper - Flavour, Black pepper - World trade, Black pepper - Notes | | | Black pepper, Black pepper - Ancient times, Black pepper - China, Black pepper - Flavour, Black pepper - History, Black pepper - Notes, Black pepper - Pepper as a medicine, Black pepper - Postclassical Europe, Black pepper - The pepper plant, Black pepper - Varieties of pepper, Black pepper - World trade | | |
| | | Black pepper: Encyclopedia II - Black pepper - The pepper plant
Black pepper - The pepper plant
The pepper plant is a perennial woody vine growing to four metres in height on supporting trees, poles, or trellises. It is a spreading vine, rooting readily where trailing stems touch the ground. The leaves are alternate, entire, five to ten centimetres long and three to six centimetres broad. The flowers are small, produced on pendulous spikes four to eight centimetres long at the leaf nodes, the spikes lengthening to seven to 15 centimetres as the fruit matures.
Black pepper is grown in soil that is neither too dry nor susceptible to flooding, is moist, well-drained and rich in organic matter. The plants are propagated by cuttings about 40 to 50 centimetres long, tied up to neighbouring trees or climbing frames at distances of about two metres apart; trees with rough bark are favoured over those with smooth bark, as the pepper plants climb rough bark more readily. Competing plants are cleared away, leaving only sufficient trees to provide shade and permit free ventilation. The roots are covered in leaf mulch and manure, and the shoots are trimmed twice a year. On dry soils the young plants require watering every other day during the dry season for the first three years. The plants bear fruit from the fourth or fifth year, and typically continue to bear fruit for seven years. The cuttings are usually cultivars, selected both for yield and quality of fruit.
A single stem will bear 20 to 30 fruiting spikes. The harvest begins as soon as one or two berries at the base of the spikes begin to turn red, and before the fruit is mature, but when full grown and still hard; if allowed to ripen, the berries lose pungency, and ultimately fall off and are lost. The spikes are collected in bags or baskets and then spread out to dry in the sun, and the peppercorns then stripped off the spikes.
Other related archives7th-century, Africa, Alaric, Alexandria, Apicius, Arabian Sea, Arabs, Asian cuisine, Attila the Hun, Ayurveda, BCE, Bangka Island, Bishop of Sherborne, Borneo, Brazil, Brazilian pepper tree, Byzantium, CE, Calicut, China, Dark Ages, De re coquinaria, Dutch, Edward Gibbon, Emperor Wu, England, English, French, Genoa, German, India, Indonesia, Islamic, Java, Kerala, Latin, Madagascar, Malabar, Malabar Coast, Malaysian, Marco Polo, Middle Ages, Natural History, New World, Nile, Nile Canal, Old English, Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, Piperaceae, Pliny the Elder, Portuguese, Ramesses II, Red Sea, Roman Empire, Rome, Saint Aldhelm, Sanskrit, Sarawak, Schinus, Shu, Sichuan, Sichuan pepper, Siddha, South Asia, South India, Strabo, Sumatra, Sunda, Tellicherry, Thai cuisine, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Treaty of Tordesillas, Unani, Vasco da Gama, Venice, Vietnam, Visigoth, Zhejiang, abcesses, ancient Egypt, berries, betel, brine, capsaicin, capsicum, caryophyllene, cell walls, chemical, chile peppers, city-states, collateral, constipation, cuisine, cultivars, decomposes, denarii, diarrhoea, drupe, earache, enzymes, flooding, flowering, flowers, freeze-drying, fruit, gangrene, heart disease, hernia, indigestion, insomnia, leaves, limonene, linalool, liver, long pepper, long tons, lung, manure, mashed potatoes, medicine, monsoon, mortar and pestle, mulch, mummification, perennial, pinene, piperine, prehistoric times, riddle, rooting, sabinene, salt-cured meats, sauces, seasoning, seed, sesterces, sneezing, southern India, spice, spice trade, sulphur dioxide, sunburn, table salt, terpenes, tooth decay, toothaches, trees, vine, vinegar, woody
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "The pepper plant", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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