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Big Bang - The future according to the Big Bang theory | | Big Bang - The future according to the Big Bang theory: Encyclopedia II - Big Bang - The future according to the Big Bang theory | | Before observations of dark energy, cosmologists considered two scenarios for the future of the Universe. If the mass density of the universe is above the critical density, then the Universe would reach a maximum size and then begin to collapse. It would become denser and hotter again, ending with a state that was similar to that in which it started—a Big Crunch. Alternatively, if the density in the Universe is equal to or below the critical density, the expansion would slow down, but never stop. Star formation would cease as the Universe ...
See also:Big Bang, Big Bang - History, Big Bang - Overview, Big Bang - Theoretical underpinnings, Big Bang - Observational evidence, Big Bang - Hubble's law expansion, Big Bang - Cosmic microwave background radiation, Big Bang - Abundance of primordial elements, Big Bang - Galactic evolution and distribution, Big Bang - Features issues and problems, Big Bang - Horizon problem, Big Bang - Flatness problem, Big Bang - Magnetic monopoles, Big Bang - Baryon asymmetry, Big Bang - Globular cluster age, Big Bang - Dark matter, Big Bang - Dark energy, Big Bang - The future according to the Big Bang theory, Big Bang - Speculative physics beyond the Big Bang, Big Bang - Philosophical and religious interpretations | | | Big Bang, Big Bang - Abundance of primordial elements, Big Bang - Baryon asymmetry, Big Bang - Cosmic microwave background radiation, Big Bang - Dark energy, Big Bang - Dark matter, Big Bang - Features issues and problems, Big Bang - Flatness problem, Big Bang - Galactic evolution and distribution, Big Bang - Globular cluster age, Big Bang - History, Big Bang - Horizon problem, Big Bang - Hubble's law expansion, Big Bang - Magnetic monopoles, Big Bang - Observational evidence, Big Bang - Overview, Big Bang - Philosophical and religious interpretations, Big Bang - Speculative physics beyond the Big Bang, Big Bang - The future according to the Big Bang theory, Big Bang - Theoretical underpinnings | | |
| | | Big Bang: Encyclopedia II - Big Bang - The future according to the Big Bang theory
Big Bang - The future according to the Big Bang theory
Before observations of dark energy, cosmologists considered two scenarios for the future of the Universe. If the mass density of the universe is above the critical density, then the Universe would reach a maximum size and then begin to collapse. It would become denser and hotter again, ending with a state that was similar to that in which it started—a Big Crunch. Alternatively, if the density in the Universe is equal to or below the critical density, the expansion would slow down, but never stop. Star formation would cease as the Universe grows less dense. The average temperature of the Universe would asymptotically approach absolute zero. Black holes would evaporate. The entropy of the Universe would increase to the point where no organized form of energy could be extracted from it, a scenario known as heat death. Moreover, if proton decay exists, then hydrogen, the predominant form of baryonic matter in the Universe today, would disappear, leaving only radiation.
Modern observations of accelerated expansion imply that more and more of the currently visible Universe will pass beyond our event horizon and out of contact with us. The eventual result is not known. The ΛCDM model of the Universe contains dark energy in the form of a cosmological constant. This theory suggests that only gravitationally bound systems, such as galaxies, would remain together, and they too would be subject to heat death, as the Universe cools and expands. Other explanations of dark energy—so-called phantom energy theories—suggest that ultimately galaxy clusters and eventually galaxies themselves will be torn apart by the ever-increasing expansion in a so-called Big Rip.
See also Ultimate fate of the Universe.
Other related archives1.37 × 1010, 13.7 ± 0.2 billion years, 1949, Age of the universe, Alpher-Bethe-Gamow theory, Andrei Sakharov, Arno Penzias, Astrophysics, BBC, Belgian, Bell Laboratories, Bhagavata Purana, Big Bang nucleosynthesis, Big Crunch, Big Rip, Black holes, Buddhism, C-symmetry, CERN, COBE, CP-symmetry, CPT symmetry, Catholic, Christian, Comoving distance, Compton scattering, Copernican principle, Cosmic Background Explorer satellite, Cosmic microwave background, Dark energy, Dark matter, Doppler shift, Edwin Hubble, Einstein's field equations, Euclidean geometry, Extrapolated, FLRW metric, Fred Hoyle, Friedman equations, Friedmann-Lemaître model, Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker, Galaxy formation, Gaussian, General relativity, Genesis, George Gamow, Georges Lemaître, Grand unification theories, Hartle-Hawking boundary condition, Heat Death, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, Hinduism, Hubble Space Telescope, Hubble's law, Hubble-type expansion, Inflation, Islamic, K, Kabbalah, Lambda-CDM model, Large-scale structure, Lorentz violation, March 28, Milky Way, Moses Maimonides, Mpc, NASA, Nobel Prize, Nucleosynthesis, Particle physics, Physicists, Planck epoch, Pope Pius XII, Quantum gravity, Qur'an, Redshift, Robert Wilson, Roman Catholic Church, Shape of the universe, Standard Model, Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect, The Listener, The Nature of Things, Third Programme, Timeline of cosmology, Timeline of the Big Bang, Type Ia supernovae, Ultimate fate of the Universe, Ultimate fate of the universe, Universe, Vaishnavism, Vishnu, WMAP, Weyl's postulate, Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy satellite, Zen, absolute zero, absorption lines, accelerated expansion, acceleration, ad hoc, age, anti-hydrogen, antimatter, asymmetry, atom, atoms, baryogenesis, baryon number, baryonic, baryonic matter, baryons, big bang nucleosynthesis, billion, blackbody, brane cosmology, causal, chaotic inflation, chemical elements, cold dark matter, comoving distances, conformal, correlation function, cosmic inflation, cosmic microwave background, cosmic microwave background radiation, cosmic microwave background radiation experiments, cosmological constant, cosmological principle, creation myths, critical density, curvature, cuspy halo problem, cyclic, dark energy, dark matter, decoupled, decoupling, deism, dense, density, deuterium, distant, distribution, dwarf galaxy problem, ekpyrotic, elementary particles, elliptic geometry, emission lines, energy, entropy, equation of state, event horizon, expansion of the Universe, exponential growth, faster than light, fine structure constant, first cause, flatness problem, forces of physics, frequency spectrum, frontiers of inquiry in physics, galactic rotation curves, galaxies, galaxy, galaxy cluster, galaxy clusters, general relativity, geometry, globular clusters, grand unification theory, gravitational, gravitational lensing, gravitational singularity, gravitationally, gravity, heat death, helium, horizon, horizon problem, hot, hot dark matter, hydrogen, hyperbolic geometry, inflation, inflationary theory, isotropy, km, large scale structure, large-scale structure of the cosmos, light, lithium, magnetic monopole, magnetic monopoles, mass density, mathematical model, matter, metric expansion, microwave, model, morphology, naturalist, nebulae, negative pressure, non-standard cosmologies, nuclei, observations, oscillating Universe, oscillatory Universe, paradigm, paradox, particle horizon, particle physics, phantom energy, phase transitions, photons, physical cosmology, physical laws, plasma, point defects, prakriti, pressures, primordial fluctuations, proton decay, quantum gravitation, quantum thermal fluctuations, quark-gluon plasma, quasars, quintessence, radiation, recombined, redshift, redshifted, redshifts, relativistically, religion, rest mass, s, scale factor, scale invariant, scientific, shape of the Universe, space, spacetime, spectroscopic, standard model, star formation, stars, steady state model, steady state theory, stellar, stellar nucleosynthesis, stellar winds, stress-energy tensor, superclusters, supernovae, symmetry breaking, systematic uncertainties, telescope, temperature, temperatures, theistic, theory, thermal equilibrium, thermodynamic equilibrium, time, tzimtzum, uniformly expanding, unsolved problems in physics, velocities, velocity, x-ray, ΛCDM model
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "The future according to the Big Bang theory", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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