Attica: Encyclopedia - Attica

Attica

Attica (in Greek: Αττική, Attike; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is a periphery (subdivision) in Greece, containing Athens, the capital of Greece. Attica is also the only prefecture (nomos) in the periphery of Attica.

Attica is located in what is today southern Greece, and covers about 3,800 square kilometers. In addition to Athens, it contains within its area the cities of Peiraeus, Eleusis, Megara, Laurium, and Marathon, as well as a small part of the Peloponnese peninsula and the islands of Salamis, Aegina, Poros, Hydra, Spetses, Kythira, and Antikythira. About 5,000,000 people live in the nomos, of which more than 95% are habitants of the Athens metropolitan area.

Athens was originally the capital of Central Greece.

Attica - Geography

Attica is a peninsula jutting into the Aegean Sea. Mountains divide the peninsula into the plains of Pedia, Mesogeia, and Thriasia. The mountains include Hymettus, the eastern portion of Geraneia, Parnitha, Aigaleo and the Penteli mountains. To the north it is bordered by the Boeotian plain and to the west it is bordered by Corinth. The Saronic Gulf lies to the south and the island of Euboea lies off the north coast. Athens' first and only large reservoir, Lake Marathon, is about 42 km northeast and is called the Marathon Dam, which first opened in the 1920s. Since that time, it has been Attica's largest lake. Forests cover the area around Parnitha, around Hymettus and into the northeast and the north in the hills and the mountains, except for the mountaintops, but the mountains to the west and the south are grassy, barren or forested.

The Cephisus River is the longest river, and Parnetha or Parnitha is the tallest mountain in Attica. The prefecture also has parklands in the Hymettus, Penteli and the Parnitha mountains and the southern part of the peninsula.

According to Plato, Attica's ancient boundaries were fixed by the Isthmus, and that in the direction of the continent they extended as far as the heights of Cithaeron and Parnes. The boundary line came down in the direction of the sea, having the district of Oropus on the right, and with the river Asopus as the limit on the left.

Attica - Climate

Its climate includes typical Mediterranean weather with hot summers and cool to mild winters in low lying areas and its plains and most of the Saronic; as well as Alpine in the Northern areas where Winter is very common in the mountains like Parintha or Penteli and areas that lie at least 1,000 m above sea level. Forest fires and flash floods are also common.

Attica - History

The process of the unification of Attica by Athens is not entirely clear, but it concluded at some point in the first half of the 7th century BC when Eleusis and the surrounding plains were joined to the Athenian state, and its inhabitants became citizens. Even then, the boundaries were not fixed, as Athens struggled with Megara for control of Salamis, and with Boeotia over border towns like Oropus for centuries. See History of Athens.

Attica later became part of (successively) the Roman and Byzantine Empires, the crusader Duchy of Athens, and the Ottoman Empire, until the Greek War of Independence.

Attica - Transportation

Attica - Roads and Highways

The area is connected by roads and highways:

• Greece Interstate 1 (superhighway)
• Greece Interstate 3 (old highway of Athens-Thessaloniki)
• Greece Interstate 8 (old highway linking Patras, the Peloponnese and Athens)
• Greece Interstate 8A (superhighway)
• Greece Interstate 54, Marathonos Avenue
• Greece Interstate 79
• Greece Interstate 81
• Greece Interstate 83
• Greece Interstate 85 (rare)
• Greece Interstate 89
• Greece Interstate 91
• Attiki Odos, number 6 (private owned superhighways), first opened in 2001 in the eastern part
  • Hymettus Ring (number 64), opened in 2004
  • Aigaleo Ring (number 65), opened in 2004
  • Ano Liosia Ring (opening soon)

Attica - Ferry lines

Numerous ferry lines (both normal ferries and so called dolphins connect the port of Piraeus with the islands of the perifery.

Attica - Other

• Athens Mass Transit System
  • Athens Metro
  • Proastiakos
  • Transit System (Attica)

Attica - Communications

Attica - Television

• 902 TV
• High TV - Athens
• Magic Peiraia - Piraeus

Attica - Radio

• 87.7 En Lefko - Athens: 87.7 FM http://www.877.gr
• 88.3 Village FM - Agios Ioannis Rentis (Athens) - 88.3 FM http://www.villagefm.com
• 90.2 Aristera sta FM - Athens: 90.1 FM http://www.902.gr
• Antenna Radio - Athens: 97.2 FM http://www.antenna.gr
• Athena 9,84 FM - Athens: 98.3 FM http://www.athina984fm.gr - Municipal Radio of the City of Athens
• Atlantis FM - Athens: 105.2 FM http://www.atlantisfm.gr
• Athens Radio Deejay - Athens: 95.2 FM http://www.radiodeejay.fm - Broadcasts nationally
• Best Radio - Athens: 92.6 FM http://www.bestradio.gr
• Diesi 101.3 - Athens: 101.3 FM http://www.diesifm.gr
• Diva FM - Athens: 106.2 FM http://www.divafm.gr
• Epikinonia FM - Athens: 94.0 FM http://www.94fm.gr - Municipal Radio of Neo Iraklio
• ERT Radio - public - Athens: http://www.ert.gr
• Filia 107 FM - public - Athens: 107.0 FM/665 am - http://www.ert.gr
• Flash 96 - Athens: 96.0 FM http://www.flash.gr - Broadcasts nationally
• Galaxy 92 - Athens: 92.0 FM http://www.galaxy92.gr
• Jeronimo Groovy FM - Athens: 88.9 FM http://www.jeronimogroovy.com
• Kosmos 93.6 - Athens: public - 93.6 FM http://www.kosmos936.gr
• Melodia FM - Athens: 99.2 FM http://www.melodia.gr
• NET 105.8 - Athens: 105.8/91.6 FM/729 MW - http://www.ert.gr - Broadcasts Nationally
• Nitro Radio - Athens: 102.5 FM http://www.nitroradio.gr
• Oasis FM - Athens: 88.0 FM http://www.oasisfm.gr
• Orange 93.2 FM - Athens: 93.2 FM http://www.orange932.gr
• Planet FM - Athens: 99.5 FM
• Polis 88.6 FM - Athens: 88.6 FM http://www.polisfm.gr
• Profit FM - Athens: 96.6 FM
• Radio 98 FM - Athens: 98.0 FM http://www.radio98fm.gr - Free pirate radio of Athens
• Radio Gold - Athens: 103.3 FM http://www.radiogold.com
• Radio Greece - Athens: via satellite - http://www.radiogreece.gr
• Radio Sfera - Athens: 102.2 FM http://www.sfera.gr - Broadcasts nationally
• Red FM - Athens: 96.3 FM http://www.redfm.gr
• Rhythmos FM - Athens: 94.9 FM http://www.rythmosfm.gr
• Rock FM 96.9 - Athens: 96.9 FM http://www.rockfm.gr
• Skai Radio - Athens: 100.3/100.6 FM http://www.skairadio.gr - Broadcasts Nationally
• Soho Radio - Athens: 89.8 FM http://www.sohoradio.gr
• Sportime FM - Athens: 89.2 FM
• Supersport FM - Athens: 94.6 FM http://www.sport-fm.gr - Broadcasts nationally
• Superstar FM - Athens: 98.6 FM
• Xenios FM - Athens: 94.3 and 97.4 FM http://www.xenios943.gr - Municipal Radio of Ano Liosia

In March, 2001, the Greek government shut down approximately 60 of the 90+ FM radio stations in the Athens area, citing interference to frequencies to be used by the new Athens International Airport, though it is largely believed (and much evidence supporting this exists) that the government shut down these stations as a political favor to powerful publishing and media groups, whose stations, for the most part, remained on the air. In 2002, 8 of these stations reopened, and in 2004, a few more stations reopened.

Attica - Sporting teams

Attica - Basketball teams

• AEK
• Olympiakos
• Panathinaikos
• Peristeri

Attica - Football/soccer teams

• AEK (Athlitiki Enosi Konstantinoupoliton) - Athens
• Akratitos - Ano Liosia (Attica) Athens, founded in 1963
• Apollon Athinon
• Chaidari - Chaidari Athens
• Chalkidona - Chalkidona
• Egaleo FC (or Egaleo) - Aegaleo Athens
• Ethnikos Asteras - Kesariani Athens
• Ilisiakos - Zografou Athens
• Ionikos - Nikaia, founded in 1965
• Kallithea - Kallithea (Athens), founded in 1966 --
• Olympiakos (Olympiakos Syndesmos Filathlon Pireos, OSFP) - Piraeus
• Panathinaikos (Panathinaikos Athlitikos Omilos, PAO) - Athens
• Panionios NFC - Nea Smyrni (Athens)
• Peristeri - Peristeri (Athens)
• Proodeutiki - Nikaia (Athens)
• Thrasivoulos - Fyli Athens

• Acharnaikos - Acharne
• Agios Demetrios - Athens
• Apollon - Athens
• Ethnikos - Piraeus Athens
• Vyzas - Megara

• Aittitos - Spata
• Aris Petroupoli - Petroupoli
• Aris Vari FC - Vari
• Artemis FC - Artemis (Loutsa)
• Aspropyrgos
• Gkyziakos - Gkyzi
• Ilioupoli
• Koropi
• Kouvaras AC - Kouvaras
• Olympiakos Papagou - Papagou
• Panelefsiniakos - Eleusis

Attica - All sports

• Ampelokipoi AC - Athens (in the area of Ampelokipoi), fourth division
• Ethnikos GS - Athens, fourth division
• Fokianos Athinon - Athens, fourth division

Attica - Persons

For people that live in Athens, see Athens#Persons

• Elli Lambeti (January 1, 1926 in Vilia - 1983 in North America)

Attica - Hospitals

• Agios Panteleimonas Hospital - Nikaia
• Eleusis Hospital - Eleusis
• Laikon Hospital - Zografou
• Agios Panteleimonas Hospital - Nikaia
• Metropolitan Hospital - Athens
• Tzaneio Hospital - Piraeus
• Asklipio - Voula
• Eginition Hospital - Athens
• Evgenidion Hospital - Athens
• Evangelismos Hospital -Athens

Attica - Municipalities and communities

See:

• List of municipalities and communities in Attica
• List of settlements in Attica

Attica - Provinces

• Province of Attica - Athens
• Province of Kythera
• Province of Megara (Megaris) - Megara
• Province of Salamis - Salamis, now part of Piraeus

The former provinces in italics are no longer exists

Attica - Prefectural sects of Attica

The periphery of Attica is subdivided into the following four prefectural sects:

• Athens
• East Attica
• Piraeus (including the islands Kythira, Salamis etc.)
• West Attica

Categories: Prefectures of Greece | Peripheries of Greece | NUTS 2 Statistical Regions of Europe

Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Attica", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki