Aromatase inhibitor: Encyclopedia - Aromatase inhibitor

Aromatase inhibitor

Aromatase inhibitors (AI) are a class of drugs used in the treatment of breast cancer in postmenopausal women that block the aromatase enzyme.

Aromatase inhibitor - Type I and II

AIs are categorized into two types: Irreversible steroidal inhibitors such as exemestane form a permanent bond with the aromatase enzyme complex, while non-steroidal inhibitors (such as anastrozole, letrozole) inhibit the enzyme by reversible competition.

Aromatase inhibitor - Mode of action

Aromatase inhibitors work by inhibiting the action of the enzyme aromatase, which converts androgens into estrogens by a process called aromatization. As breast tissue is stimulated by estrogens, decreasing their production is a way of suppressing recurrence of the breast tumor tissue.

Aromatase inhibitor - Indication

In contrast to pre-menopausal women, in whom most of the estrogen is produced in the ovaries, in post-menopausal women most of the body's estrogen is produced in the adrenal gland from the conversion of androgens. Because some breast cancers respond to estrogen, lowering the estrogen level in post-menopausal women using aromatase inhibitors has been proven to be effective in breast cancer treatment.

Aromatase inhibitors are generally not used to treat breast cancer in premenopausal women. When aromatase inhibitors are used in premenopausal women, the decrease in estrogen activates the hypothalamus and pituitary axis to increase gonadotropin secretion, which in turn stimulates the ovary to increase androgen production. This counteracts the effect of the aromatase inhibitor.

An ongoing area of clinial research is optimizing adjuvant hormonal therapy in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Tamoxifen has been standard treatment, however the ATAC trial has shown that clinical results are superior with an AI in postmenopausal women with localized breast cancer that is estrogen receptor positive. Further studies of various AIs are ongoing.

Investigations are ongoing to look for other applications. Increasingly, for example, researchers are using aromatase inhibitors to stimulate ovulation (in a manner similar to, but not exactly the same as, clomiphene citrate).

AIs are also investigated in the treatment of adolescents whose predicted adult height is low.

Aromatase inhibitor - Members

Some of the aromatase inhibitors in clinical use include:

• Aminoglutethimide
• Anastrozole (Arimidex®)
• Letrozole (Femara®)
• Exemestane (Aromasin®)

Category: Hormonal agents

Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Aromatase inhibitor", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki