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Angina - Pathophysiology |  | Angina - Pathophysiology: Encyclopedia II - Angina - Pathophysiology |  | Increases in heart rate result in increased oxygen demand by the heart. The heart has a limited ability to increase its oxygen intake during episodes of increased demand. Therefore, an increase in oxygen demand by the heart (e.g., during exercise) has to be met by a proportional increase in blood flow to the heart.
Myocardial ischemia can result from:
a reduction of blood flow to the heart caused by the stenosis or spasm of the heart's arteries
resistance of the blood vessels
reduced oxy ...
See also:Angina, Angina - Symptoms, Angina - Diagnosis, Angina - Pathophysiology, Angina - Epidemiology, Angina - Treatment, Angina - Unstable angina |  | | Angina, Angina - Diagnosis, Angina - Epidemiology, Angina - Pathophysiology, Angina - Symptoms, Angina - Treatment, Angina - Unstable angina, Ludwig's angina, Prinzmetal's angina |  | |
|  |  | Angina: Encyclopedia II - Angina - Pathophysiology
Angina - Pathophysiology
Increases in heart rate result in increased oxygen demand by the heart. The heart has a limited ability to increase its oxygen intake during episodes of increased demand. Therefore, an increase in oxygen demand by the heart (e.g., during exercise) has to be met by a proportional increase in blood flow to the heart.
Myocardial ischemia can result from:
- a reduction of blood flow to the heart caused by the stenosis or spasm of the heart's arteries
- resistance of the blood vessels
- reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
Atherosclerosis (narrowing of the blood vessels) is the most common cause of stenosis of the heart's arteries and, hence, angina pectoris.
Many people with chest pain have normal or minimal narrowing of heart arteries. This has shown that resistance of the blood vessels (abnormal constriction or deficient relaxation of heart vessels) can be responsible for as much as 95% of coronary artery resistance.
Myocardial ischemia also can be the result of factors affecting blood composition, such as reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of blood, as seen with severe anemia (low number of red blood cells), or long-term smoking.
Other related archivesAtherosclerosis, Beta-blockers, China, Coronary artery disease, D-dimer, Greek, Ischemic heart disease, Latin, Ludwig's angina, Prinzmetal's angina, Third World, amyl nitrite, anemia, angioplasty, arthritis, aspirin, asthma, atherosclerosis, autonomic nervous system, blood, blood tests, calcium channel blockers, chest X-ray, chest pain, cigarette smoking, clopidogrel, coronary angiogram, coronary angiography, coronary arteries, coronary artery bypass graft, diabetes, electrocardiogram, elevated cholesterol, emergency department, enoxaparin, exercise ECG test, family history, glyceryl trinitrate, heart attacks, heart muscle, heparin, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, hypertension, ischemia, losing weight, low molecular weight heparin, myocardial infarction, nausea, nitroglycerin, obesity, oxygen, pallor, pulmonary embolism, smoking, stenosis, stopping smoking, thallium scintigram, tonsillitis, troponin, verapamil, vomiting
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Pathophysiology", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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