Alphabets derived from the Latin: Encyclopedia II - Alphabets derived from the Latin - Extended Latin Alphabet

Alphabets derived from the Latin - Extended Latin Alphabet

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Alphabets derived from the Latin - Letters based on A-J

Alphabets derived from the Latin - Letters based on K-Z

Alphabets derived from the Latin - Notes

1. ^  Albanian also has the digraphs: dh, gj, ll, nj, rr, sh, th, xh, zh.
2. ^  Catalan also has the digraphs: ll, ny (ñ), l·l (ŀl), rr, ss, dz, tz, ig, ix, gu, qu, nc.
3. ^  Croatian also has the digraphs: dž, lj, nj. It can also be written with four tone markers above on top of the vowels. Note that Croatian Latin and Serbian Cyrillic alphabets map 1:1 to each other.
4. ^  Czech also has the digraph: ch.
5. ^  Dutch historically used ÿ instead of ij.
6. ^  Some variants of French do not use uppercase diacritics.
7. ^  German also retains most original letters in French loan words. Swiss German does not use ß any more. The long s (ſ) was in use until the mid-20th century. Sch is usually not treated like a true trigraph, neither are ch and qu digraphs. Q only appears in the sequence qu, y only (and x almost only) in loan words.
8. ^  Guaraní also uses tilde over e, i, y, and g (the last one not available precomposed in Unicode), as well as digraphs ch, mb, nd, ng, nt, rr and the glottal stop ' .
9. ^  Hungarian also has the digraphs: cs, dz, gy, ly, ny, sz, ty, zs; and the trigraph: dzs.
10. ^  Irish formerly used the dot diacritic in ḃ, ċ, ḋ, ḟ, ġ, ṁ, ṗ, ṡ, ṫ. These have been replaced by the digraphs: bh, ch, dh, fh, gh, mh, ph, sh, th.
11. ^  Italian also has the digraphs: ch, gh, gn, gl, sc.
12. ^  Łacinka also has the digraphs: dz, dź, dž.
13. ^  The letters J, W and U (or, rather the distinction between I and J, between U and V and between W and VV) were added to the Latin alphabet only in Mediæval times, as were the digraphs Æ and Œ and all lowercase letters.
14. ^  Lithuanian also has the digraphs: ch, dz, dž, ie, uo. However, these are not considered separate letters of the alphabet.
15. ^  Maltese also has the digraphs: ie, għ.
16. ^  The Norwegian alphabet is currently identical with the Danish alphabet, but lately it has been proposed to add the letter Kjell to the Norwegian alphabet (after the letter L), so that the sound which is commonly spelled kj may be written with a single letter.
17. ^  Polish also has the digraphs: ch, cz, dz, dż, dź, sz, rz.
18. ^  Portuguese also has the digraphs: ch, lh, nh, qu, sc, xc, ss, rr.
19. ^  Slovak also has the digraphs: dz, dž, ch and unique letters Ľ/ľ, Ĺ/ĺ.
20. ^  Spanish also has the digraphs: ch, ll, rr. The cedilla ç used earlier has been replaced completely by z.
21. ^  Vietnamese has tone markers that can go on top (or below) any of the vowels (a, â, ă, e, ê, i, o, ô, ơ, u, ư, y); e.g.: à, ầ, ằ, è, ề, ì, ò, ồ, ờ, ù, ừ, ỳ; ả, ẩ, ẳ, ẻ, ể, ỉ, ỏ, ổ, ở, ủ, ử, ỷ; ã, ẵ, ẫ, ẽ, ễ, ĩ, õ, ỗ, ỡ, ũ, ữ, ỹ; á, ấ, ắ, é, ế, í, ó, ố, ớ, ú, ứ, ý; ạ, ặ, ậ, ẹ, ệ, ị, ọ, ộ, ợ, ụ, ự, ỵ. It also uses the digraphs: ch, gi, kh, ng, nh, ph, th, tr.
22. ^  Walloon has the digraphs and trigraphs: ae, ch, dj, ea, jh, oe, oen, oi, sch, sh, tch, xh; the letter x is only used in xh digraph, the letter j is almost only used in dj and jh digraphs
23. ^  Welsh has the digraphs ch, dd, ff, ng, ll, ph, rh, th. It also occasionally uses circumflexes, diaereses, acute accents and grave accents on its seven vowels (a, e, i, o, u, w, y), but these are not regarded as separate letters of the alphabet.
24. ^  Basque has the digraphs: rr, ts, tx, tz. Digraph rr only occur between vowels.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Extended Latin Alphabet", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki