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Adipose tissue - Physiology | | Adipose tissue - Physiology: Encyclopedia II - Adipose tissue - Physiology | | Free fatty acid is "liberated" from lipoproteins by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and enters the adipocyte, where it is reassembled into triglycerides by esterising it onto glycerol.
Fat cells have an important physiological role in maintaining triglyceride and free fatty acid levels, as well as determining insulin resistance. Abdominal fat has a different metabolic profile—being more prone to induce insulin resistance. This explains to a large degree why central obesity is a marker of impaired glucose tolerance and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (even in the ab ...
See also:Adipose tissue, Adipose tissue - Anatomical features, Adipose tissue - Physiology, Adipose tissue - Cultural and social role | | | Adipose tissue, Adipose tissue - Anatomical features, Adipose tissue - Cultural and social role, Adipose tissue - Physiology, Obesity, Cellulite | | |
| | | Adipose tissue: Encyclopedia II - Adipose tissue - Physiology
Adipose tissue - Physiology
Free fatty acid is "liberated" from lipoproteins by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and enters the adipocyte, where it is reassembled into triglycerides by esterising it onto glycerol.
Fat cells have an important physiological role in maintaining triglyceride and free fatty acid levels, as well as determining insulin resistance. Abdominal fat has a different metabolic profile—being more prone to induce insulin resistance. This explains to a large degree why central obesity is a marker of impaired glucose tolerance and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (even in the absence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension).
Recent advances in biotechnology have allowed for the harvesting of adult stem cells from adipose tissue, allowing stimulation of tissue regrowth using a patient's own cells. The use of a patient's own cells reduces the chance of tissue rejection and avoids the social trauma associated with the use of human embryonic stem cells.
Hormones secreted by adipose tissue include:
- Adiponectin
- Resistin
- Angiotensin
- Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)
- TNFα
- IL-6
- Leptin
A specialised form of adipose tissue in human infants, and some animals, is brown fat or brown adipose tissue. It is located mainly around the neck and large blood vessels of the thorax. This specialised tissue can generate heat by "uncoupling" the respiratory chain of oxidative phosphorylation within mitochondria, leading to the breakdown of fatty acids. This thermogenic process may be vital in neonates exposed to the cold, who then require this thermogenesis to keep warm as they are unable to shiver, or take other actions to keep themselves warm.
Attempts to stimulate this process pharmacologically have so far been unsuccessful, but might in the future be a target of weight loss therapy.
Other related archivesAbdominal, Adiponectin, Angiotensin, Cellulite, Free fatty acid, IL-6, Leptin, Obesity, Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, Resistin, TNFα, Tissues, adipocytes, adult stem cells, anatomical, blood vessels, brown adipose tissue, brown fat, bypass surgery, cardiovascular disease, cells, central obesity, connective tissue, diabetes mellitus, dieting, embryonic stem cells, endocrine, energy, esterising, fat, free fatty acid, glycerol, hormones, hypertension, infants, insulates, insulin resistance, leptin, lipoprotein lipase, lipoproteins, metabolic, mitochondria, obese, obesity, organs, oxidative phosphorylation, panniculus, pannus, pharmacologically, physiological, resistin, respiratory chain, shiver, skin, subcutaneous, triglyceride, triglycerides, weight loss
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Physiology", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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