AQAL: Encyclopedia II - AQAL - Levels or stages

AQAL - Levels or stages

The concept of levels follows closely on the concept of lines of development. The more highly developed you are in a particular line, the higher level you are at in that line. Wilber's conception of the level is clearly based on several theories of developmental psychology, including: Piaget's theory of cognitive development, Kohlberg's stages of moral development, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, and Jane Loevinger's developmental model of personality.

The simplest categorization that Wilber uses contains four levels:

• Body (or gross realm; Buddhist Nirmanakaya)
• Mind (or subtle realm; Buddhist Sambhogakaya)
• Soul (or causal realm; Buddhist Jnanadharmakaya stage of the Dharmakaya)
• Spirit (or nondual; Buddhist Svabhavikakaya stage of the Dharmakaya)

Another scheme describes the ethical developmental line:

• Egocentric (similar to Carol Gilligan's 'Selfish' stage)
• Ethnocentric or Sociocentric (Gilligan's 'Care' stage)
• Worldcentric (Gilligan's 'Universal Care' stage)
• Being-centric (Gilligan's 'Integrated' stage)

Within each broad stage, there are sub-levels. Spiral Dynamics is one theory that elaborates on these sub-levels.

Another broad organization of the levels contains three categories:

• pre-personal (subconscious motivations)
• personal (conscious mental processes)
• transpersonal (integrative and mystical structures)

This organization reveals more of Wilber's synthesizing ability. Freudian drives, Jungian archetypes, and myth are pre-personal structures. Empirical and rational processes are at the personal level. Transpersonal entities include, for example, Aurobindo's Overmind, Emerson's Oversoul, Plato's Forms, Plotinus' nous, and the Hindu Atman, or world-soul.

The exceptional feature of Wilber's approach is that, under this methodology, all of these mental structures — subconscious, rational, mystical—are considered complementary and legitimate, rather than competing in a zero-sum conceptual space. And that is perhaps Wilber's greatest accomplishment — the opening up of a space wherein more ideas, theories, beliefs, and stories can be considered true, responsible, and acceptable.

Many criticize the strict hierarchical nature of Wilber's conception of the level. But consider, for example, the hierarchical nature of matter itself. Sub-atomic particles are composed of quarks. Atoms are made of sub-atomic particles. Molecules are made of atoms. Cell organelles are made of molecules, etc. This is similar to how Wilber conceives of levels. One must attain the lower levels before the higher levels because the higher levels are constituted by the lower level components. Thus, when represented graphically[1], the levels should appear as concentric circles, with higher levels transcending but also including lower ones. Wilber also attacks the equating of hierarchy with patriarchy using a similar line of argument.

As Wilber remarks in the CD interview Speaking of Everything: "This can all be done deductively." In other words: 'I could be wrong about the precise characteristics of some or all of the stages or levels. But nonetheless, it's clear that psychological and cultural development follows a pattern, and that pattern is always from more partial to more whole.'

Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Levels or stages", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki